基因信息隐私权的民法保护

发布时间：2019-07-06 12:13

【摘要】：基因是生物生老病死、生长发育、遗传变异、新陈代谢的物质基础和功能核心。基因信息是从分子水平上揭示个人生命的全部奥秘,关于个人的一些内在本质的信息(如健康水平、寿命及智力等)都可从中判断或预测。由于基因技术不断发展,基因信息背后所隐藏的巨大价值和社会用途被竭力挖掘,基因技术的运用已经逐步蔓延至社会生活的各大领域,包括就业、保险、身份证明、医疗以及科研领域。而且人们可以从地毯上遗落的一根毛发、门把手上遗留的皮肤碎屑等无数令人防不胜防的地方取得基因样本。然而,我国却未给予个人基因信息隐私应有的重视。基因信息作为一种兼具个人信息属性和隐私属性的信息,因其自身的特殊性,不仅成为个人信息中的敏感信息,而且在隐私权保护方面也独具特色。鉴于我国尚未制定个人信息保护法,对于基因信息的保护只能更多的依赖于隐私权的保护,但我国目前的隐私权制度却无法实现按照个人信息处理的不同阶段进行权利的增设与重置。笔者认为,应建立相应的基因信息隐私权的保护机制。本文除引言和结语外,共分四部分。第一部分:分析我国现行法制框架下对基因信息隐私权保护的现状,反思我国基因信息隐私权保护可行性方向。提出应坚持以个人信息法作为基因信息保护的基本制度,同时还应建立相应的基因信息隐私权的保护机制。第二部分:首先,厘定基因与基因信息的关系,进而指出基因信息属于个人信息,不仅具有个人信息的一般特征,还独有特殊性;其次,以隐私的特征为视角论证基因信息具有隐私属性;最后,与其他隐私相比,论证基因信息隐私保护的特殊性。第三部分,通过考察国际组织、美国、澳大利亚、法国和日本关于基因信息隐私权保护的相关规定,总结出对我国的启示。第四部分,以基因信息隐私权保护的必要性为基点,思考我国基因信息隐私权的民法保护,主要内容为明确基因信息隐私权的权利内容、明确基因信息控制者的义务、规范基因检测行为以及建立公共监督机构。
[Abstract]:Gene is the material basis and functional core of biological birth, old age, disease and death, growth and development, genetic variation and metabolism. Genetic information reveals all the mysteries of personal life at the molecular level, and some information about the inherent nature of the individual (such as health level, life expectancy and intelligence, etc.) can be judged or predicted. Due to the continuous development of genetic technology, the great value and social use hidden behind genetic information have been excavated. The use of genetic technology has gradually spread to various fields of social life, including employment, insurance, identity proof, medical treatment and scientific research. And genetic samples can be obtained from countless insurmountable places, such as a hair left on the carpet, skin debris left on the doorknob and so on. However, our country has not paid due attention to the privacy of personal genetic information. As a kind of information with both personal information and privacy attributes, genetic information has not only become sensitive information in personal information, but also has unique characteristics in the protection of privacy because of its own particularity. In view of the fact that our country has not yet formulated the personal information protection law, the protection of genetic information can only rely more on the protection of the right to privacy, but the current privacy system in our country can not realize the addition and replacement of rights according to the different stages of personal information processing. The author believes that the corresponding protection mechanism of genetic information privacy should be established. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this paper is divided into four parts. The first part analyzes the current situation of gene information privacy protection under the current legal framework of our country, and reflects on the feasible direction of gene information privacy protection in our country. It is suggested that the personal information law should be used as the basic system of genetic information protection, and the corresponding protection mechanism of genetic information privacy should be established at the same time. The second part: first of all, determine the relationship between gene and gene information, and then point out that gene information belongs to personal information, which not only has the general characteristics of personal information, but also has unique particularity; secondly, from the perspective of privacy characteristics, it is demonstrated that gene information has privacy attributes; finally, compared with other privacy, it demonstrates the particularity of gene information privacy protection. The third part summarizes the enlightenment to China by investigating the relevant provisions of international organizations, the United States, Australia, France and Japan on the protection of the right to privacy of genetic information. The fourth part, based on the necessity of protecting the right to privacy of genetic information, thinks about the civil law protection of the right to privacy of genetic information in our country. The main contents are to clarify the right content of the right to privacy of genetic information, to clarify the obligations of genetic information controllers, to standardize the behavior of gene detection and to establish public supervision institutions.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D923

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