基于能值分析的定西市农田生态系统可持续发展评价

发布时间：2018-01-15 09:00

  本文关键词：基于能值分析的定西市农田生态系统可持续发展评价　出处：《甘肃农业大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

  更多相关文章： 定西市 农田生态系统 能值分析 可持续发展指数

【摘要】：定西市位于甘肃省中部,地貌型态复杂、气候干旱少雨,水资源严重缺乏,水土流失严重,自然灾害频繁,是全国典型的生态脆弱区。农业特别是种植业是定西市经济发展的基础,农业的可持续发展直接关系到该地区生态环境的安危。农田生态系统作为农业经济的基础,资源的高效利用、种植业结构的合理高产决定着农业经济的稳定发展。因而定量评价定西市农田生态系统具有重要价值。本文运用能值分析理论,对定西市农田生态系统的能值投入产出结构、资源利用效率和可持续发展状况进行分析和评价,主要结论如下:(1)2001-2014年,定西市农田生态系统总的能值投入呈逐年增长趋势,由2001年的3.67×1021sej增长到2014年的4.61×1021sej,增幅为25.78%。环境资源贡献率较大且呈下降趋势。总的能值投入以辅助能为主,不可更新的工业辅助能投入中,化肥的能值投入最大,平均比重高达91.77%;可更新的有机能投入中,人力和畜力投入较大,平均比重分别为63.82%和23.14%,其中畜力的能值投入在逐年减少。系统能值投入密度和能值投入率均呈增长趋势。研究表明,定西市农田生产中经济投入所占比重越来越大,机械化程度有所增加,对自然环境的依赖程度越来越低,系统的可持续发展能力在不断下降。空间上,各县(区)农田生态系能值投入结构差异显著,临洮县和安定区等社会经济发展较好的县(区)能值投入具有明显优势。(2)2001-2014年,定西市农田生态系统总的能值产出整体呈增长趋势,由2001年的1.55×1021sej增长到2014年的2.58×1021sej,增幅为68.09%。系统能值产出密度呈增长趋势,增幅为66.96%。主要能值产出作物有玉米、薯类、药材、小麦、油料和豆类。研究期间,玉米、薯类、药材的能值产出呈增长趋势,其中玉米增加了8.38倍;小麦、油料、豆类的能值产出呈下降趋势;甜菜、水果、蔬菜、瓜类的能值产出比重较小。种植业结构均衡度指数基本保持稳定,平均值为1.72。研究表明,定西市农田生态系统生产力水平在逐年提高。空间上,各县(区)农田生态系统能值产出密度差异显著,漳县和岷县较高,生产力水平相对较好;其它县(区)较低,生产力水平相对较低。各县(区)在不同种植作物上形成了各自的规模效率优势。(3)2001-2014年,定西市农田生态系统资源利用效率较低,净能值产出率平均值为0.53,能值总产出远低于辅助能能值投入,系统一直处于“亏损”状态,农产品在市场上没有竞争力。空间上,各县(区)净能值产出率差异显著,漳县最高为1.03大于1,其它县(区)均小于1。说明漳县能值产出超过了辅助能投入,资源利用效率较高;其它县(区)资源利用效率较低,呈高投入低产出的生产状况。研究表明,灌溉水、有机肥、化肥和农业机械对系统的能值产出具有显著影响,环境资源和畜力呈负相关影响,说明定西市土地贫瘠,需要不断从系统外补充能量,在未来的农田生产中应加大有机肥和农业机械化投入,尽可能创造有利的灌溉条件对农田进行灌溉。(4)2001-2014年,定西市农田生态系统可持续发展指数总体呈下降趋势,研究末期有所回升,但均小于1,属消费型生态经济系统,可持续发展力较弱。环境负载率指数均小于3,环境压力较小,但持续增长趋势表明,环境压力将会不断增大。空间上,各县(区)系统可持续发展指数差异明显,漳县和岷县大于1,可持续发展力较强;临洮县、安定区、渭源县、陇西县和通渭县均小于1,可持续发展力较弱。系统的综合发展水平呈“南部—中部—北部”递减趋势的地理分布。强、弱、不协调发展型区域的农田面积分别占全市农田总面积14.44%、49.46%和36.10%。
[Abstract]:Dingxi city is located in central Gansu Province, landform type complex, climate drought, serious lack of water resources, serious soil erosion, frequent natural disasters, is the typical eco fragile region. Especially agricultural farming is the foundation of economic development in Dingxi City, the sustainable development of agriculture is directly related to the safety of the ecological environment in the region. The farmland ecological system as the basis of agricultural economy, efficient use of resources, the reasonable high yield planting structure determines the stable development of the agricultural economy. Thus the quantitative evaluation of farmland ecosystem in Dingxi has important value. This paper uses the theory of emergy analysis of Dingxi farmland ecosystem emergy input-output structure, resource utilization efficiency and sustainable development status analysis and evaluation, the main conclusions are as follows: (1) 2001-2014 years, Dingxi farmland ecosystem, total emergy input and a growth trend year by year, by 2 3.67 001 years of growth in 2014 to 4.61 * 1021sej * 1021sej, an increase of 25.78%. contribution of environmental resources is larger and the downward trend. The total energy input to auxiliary energy, industrial auxiliary non renewable energy input, fertilizer energy input, the average proportion of up to 91.77%; the organic energy input update in the human and animal into a larger, the average proportion was 63.82% and 23.14%, the animal energy input in decreasing year by year. Emergy input density and emergy investment ratio showed an increasing trend. The study shows that the economic operation in Dingxi city of agricultural production in the proportion of more and more big, the degree of mechanization has increase of the natural environment depends on more and more low, the sustainable development ability of the system is on the decline. The space, counties (districts) of farmland ecosystem emergy input structure difference, the social and economic development of Lintao county and Anding District etc. The county (District) emergy investment has obvious advantages. (2) 2001-2014 years, Dingxi farmland ecosystem total emergy output showed an overall growth trend, from 2001 1.55 to 2014 growth of 2.58 * 1021sej * 1021sej, an increase of emergy density increased as the 68.09%. system, an increase of 66.96%. the emergy output of crops are corn, wheat, potato, herbs, oil and beans. During the study, corn, potato, herbs can output a growing trend, the corn increased by 8.38 times; wheat, oil, beans emergy output decreased; beet, fruit, vegetable, melon and emergy output a smaller proportion. The planting structure evenness index remained stable, the average for the 1.72. study, the level of productivity of farmland ecosystem in Dingxi increased year by year. Space, counties (districts) of farmland ecosystem emergy density difference, and Zhangxian Minxian high, productivity level is relatively good; other county (District) is relatively low, relatively low level of productivity. The counties (districts) in different crops on the formation of the advantages of scale efficiency of each. (3) 2001-2014 years, Dingxi farmland ecosystem, resource utilization efficiency is low, the net energy output rate average 0.53, the total output value can be far lower than the auxiliary energy input, the system has been in a state of "loss", agricultural products are not competitive in the market. The space, counties (districts) the net energy output rate significantly, up to 1.03 more than 1 Zhang county, other counties (districts) were less than 1. indicating Zhangxian energy output exceeds the auxiliary energy input, resource utilization efficiency is high; the other county (District) resource utilization efficiency is low, the production condition is high input and low output. The results show that irrigation water, organic fertilizer, chemical fertilizer and agricultural machinery on the system can significantly affect the output, environmental resources And the animal was negatively correlated, indicating that Dingxi's barren land, the need to constantly replenish energy from outside the system, in the future should increase investment in agricultural production of organic fertilizer and agricultural mechanization, as much as possible to create favorable conditions for irrigation of farmland irrigation. (4) 2001-2014, set the sustainable development index, farmland ecological system a downward trend, but rebounded at the end of the study, were less than 1, the system of ecological economy is consumption, sustainable development is weak. The environmental load rate index was less than 3, less pressure on the environment, but the continued growth trend shows that the environmental pressure will continue to increase. The space, county (District) system of sustainable development index is significantly different, Zhang county and Minxian more than 1, a strong force of sustainable development; Lintao County, Anding District, Weiyuan County, Longxi county and Tongwei county were less than 1, sustainable development is weak. The comprehensive development level of the system is "South The geographical distribution of the declining trend in the middle and the north. The farmland area of the strong, weak and uncoordinated development areas accounts for 14.44%, 49.46% and 36.10%. of the total area of the whole city's farmland, respectively.

【学位授予单位】：甘肃农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S181

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