施肥方式对砂姜黑土钾素利用及盈亏的影响

发布时间：2018-01-25 19:03

本文关键词： 长期施肥有机物料钾素利用钾素盈亏土壤速效钾　出处：《土壤学报》2017年04期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：以砂姜黑土长期施肥试验为平台,研究砂姜黑土冬小麦—夏大豆轮作系统下作物钾素吸收量、钾素回收率、土壤钾素盈亏量和速效钾含量的演变特征,探明土壤速效钾与外源钾投入、土壤累积钾盈亏的响应关系,分析不施肥(CK)、常规化肥(CF)、化肥+麦秆(SCF)、化肥+猪粪(PCF)、化肥+牛粪(CCF)等施肥方式对土壤钾素利用及盈亏的影响,以期探寻砂姜黑土地区高产高效的施钾方式。结果表明:29 a作物钾素平均回收率在55.1%~66.1%,高低顺序为CCFPCFSCFCF。土壤累积钾盈亏与土壤速效钾增量呈显著线性关系(p0.05),土壤中钾素每盈余100 kg hm-2,CF、SCF、PCF和CCF处理土壤速效钾含量分别增加1.4、1.8、2.3和15.8 mg kg-1;土壤钾素投入量与速效钾含量呈显著线性关系(p0.05),CF处理每投入钾100 kg hm-2,土壤速效钾含量增加0.4 mg kg-1,而SCF、PCF和CCF处理每投入钾100 kg hm-2,土壤速效钾含量分别增加0.5、0.6和4.3 mg kg-1,这说明适当增施有机肥可提升土壤钾素的供应能力。综上所述,投入有机物料是影响土壤钾素利用的重要调控措施,长期增施有机肥可提高作物钾素回收率以及土壤中盈余的钾素向速效钾的转化能力,本试验条件下以增施牛粪效果最好,猪粪和秸秆次之。因此,砂姜黑土小麦—大豆轮作系统下秸秆养畜过腹还田是实现作物高产高效的一种推荐施钾方式。
[Abstract]:Based on long-term fertilization experiment of shajiang black soil, the evolution characteristics of crop potassium uptake, potassium recovery, soil potassium profit and loss and available potassium content under winter wheat summer soybean rotation system in shajiang black soil were studied. The relationship between soil available potassium and exogenous potassium input and the profit and loss of soil accumulated potassium were investigated. The results showed that CK, CFF, SCF and PCF were not applied to CK, CFC, SCF and PCF). Effects of fertilizer, cow manure and CCF on potassium utilization, profit and loss of soil. The results showed that the average recovery rate of potassium was 55.1%. The order was CCFPCFSCF CFC.The relationship between the profit and loss of soil potassium accumulation and the increment of soil available potassium was significantly linear (p 0.05), and the surplus of potassium in soil was 100 kg 路hm ~ (-2) 路m ~ (-2) 路cm ~ (-1) 路L ~ (-1). The contents of available potassium in soil treated with SCF / PCF and CCF increased by 1.4 mg / kg ~ (-1) and 15.8 mg / kg ~ (-1), respectively. There was a significant linear relationship between soil potassium input and available potassium content. The soil available potassium content increased by 0.4 mg kg-1 per 100 kg 路h ~ (-2) of K in CF treatment. However, the content of available potassium in soil increased by 0.50.6,4.3 mg kg-1 per 100 kg hm-2 of potassium in SCF- PCF and CCF treatments, respectively. This indicated that proper application of organic fertilizer could improve the supply capacity of soil potassium. In conclusion, the input of organic materials is an important control measure affecting the utilization of soil potassium. Long-term application of organic fertilizer can improve the yield of potassium in crops and the transformation ability of surplus potassium into available potassium in soil. In this experiment, the effect of adding cow manure is the best, pig manure and straw are the second. It is a recommended potassium application method to realize high yield and high efficiency of crop in shajiang black soil wheat-soybean rotation system.
【作者单位】：安徽省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所;安徽省农业科学院机关党委;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(41401331) 安徽省农业科学院学科建设项目(15A1013) 安徽省养分循环重点实验室项目(1606c08231)资助~~
【分类号】：S158
【正文快照】： 钾是土壤肥力的重要物质基础,是作物生长所必需的营养元素之一,其对保障作物的高产稳产有重要作用[1-4]。但是,耕地缺钾依然是制约农业可持续生产的重要因素[5-6]。近几十年来,由于作物产量的提高及土壤钾素产出与投入不平衡的加剧,农田土壤缺钾面积有不断扩大的趋势。因此,加

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