环境中磷化氢对水稻根际土壤性质以及有效磷的影响探究

发布时间：2018-01-25 21:28

本文关键词： 磷化氢水稻田根际酶活性磷利用率　出处：《华南理工大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：磷是土壤环境中最重要的营养元素之一,在植物生长和生命物质循环中占有重要位置。目前,土壤磷素不足已然成为限制世界农业发展的重要因素,而对于我国,问题尤为严重。研究作为土壤磷循环中气相载体的磷化氢,对于解决土壤磷匮乏这一问题有重要的理论和现实意义。磷化氢,是一种还原性磷化合物。开展水稻湿地生态系统中磷化氢对水稻植株根际过程的研究,弄清水稻田中磷化氢与环境因子的关系,阐述磷化氢对水稻根际土壤磷利用效率的影响,对全面系统探讨磷化氢在水稻田磷循环中的作用、揭示农作物生长的环境生态效应、采取科学有效的控制措施均具有重要的指导意义。本研究以稻田湿地中磷化氢为研究对象,采用微宇宙室内模拟的方法,以p H值、氧化还原电位、温度、Fe2+含量、Mn2+含量为土壤化学性质指标,以磷酸酶、脲酶、转化酶、脱氢酶为土壤微生物指标、以土壤中基质结合态磷化氢(MBP)、Hedley磷分级、有效磷(AP)以及水稻植株生物量、根系活力和植物磷为评价磷利用效率指标,研究不同浓度磷化氢对水稻根际土壤性质以及有效磷的影响。主要研究结果如下:(1)一定浓度的磷化氢,能够导致根际土壤p H明显下降,而非根际土壤中p H的变化不明显。磷化氢对氧化还原电位(Eh)的影响与p H不同,磷化氢的处理,使水稻根际与非根际土壤的Eh均增大。Fe2+、Mn2+同作为还原性物质,磷化氢对水稻根际与非根际土壤Fe2+、Mn2+的影响具有相似性。(2)磷化氢处理对于土壤中的酶活性没有有害影响,相反地,在本研究中观察到磷化氢对于土壤酶活性有积极的影响,而且根际土壤的酶活性普遍要比非根际土壤的酶活性要高,表现出明显的根际效应。(3)一定浓度的磷化氢能够对土壤磷表现出活化效应。另外,磷化氢浓度越高,根际土壤中的有效磷含量也越高。所以,水稻田中高浓度的磷化氢通过影响水稻植株的根际效应,可能对磷利用率有积极的影响。
[Abstract]:Phosphorus is one of the most important nutrient elements in soil environment, which plays an important role in plant growth and life matter cycle. At present, phosphorus deficiency in soil has become an important factor restricting the development of agriculture in the world. For our country, the problem is especially serious. The study of phosphine, as the gas phase carrier in the soil phosphorus cycle, has important theoretical and practical significance to solve the problem of soil phosphorus deficiency. It is a kind of reducing phosphorus compound. The relationship between phosphine and environmental factors in rice paddy field was investigated by studying the rhizosphere process of rice plants by phosphine in rice wetland ecosystem. The effect of phosphine on phosphorus utilization efficiency in rice rhizosphere soil was expounded, and the role of phosphine in phosphorus cycling in paddy field was systematically discussed, and the environmental and ecological effects of crop growth were revealed. It is of great significance to take scientific and effective control measures. In this study, phosphine in paddy wetland was used as research object, microcosmos simulation method was used, pH value, redox potential and temperature were used. The content of Fe2 was regarded as soil chemical property index, with phosphatase, urease, invertase, dehydrogenase as soil microbial index, and matrix bound phosphine phosphate as soil microbial index. Hedley P classification, available P P), biomass of rice plants, root activity and plant phosphorus were used to evaluate P use efficiency. The effects of different concentrations of phosphine on the properties and available phosphorus of rice rhizosphere soil were studied. The main results were as follows: 1) A certain concentration of phosphine could lead to a significant decrease of pH in rhizosphere soil. The effect of phosphine on the redox potential (Eh) was different from that of pH and the treatment of phosphine. The content of Eh in rice rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil was increased. Fe2Mn2 was used as reducing material, and phosphine was applied to Fe2 of rice rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil. The effect of Mn2 was similar. 2) phosphine treatment had no harmful effect on enzyme activity in soil. On the contrary, it was observed that phosphine had a positive effect on soil enzyme activity. And the enzyme activity of rhizosphere soil was generally higher than that of non-rhizosphere soil, showing obvious rhizosphere effect. The higher the concentration of phosphine, the higher the content of available phosphorus in rhizosphere soil. Therefore, the high concentration of phosphine in paddy field may have a positive effect on phosphorus utilization by affecting the rhizosphere effect of rice plants.
【学位授予单位】：华南理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S153.6;S511

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