保水缓释肥用膜材的制备及性能研究

发布时间：2018-01-29 02:30

本文关键词： 粘土复合保水材料吸液性能缓释性能保水缓释肥　出处：《太原理工大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：传统丙烯酸盐保水材料存在成本高、性能单一、吸液倍率低、保水能力不佳等不足。如何降低成本、提高材料性能是研制保水膜材的关键因素。物美价廉的粘土材料表层拥有大量的Si(Al)-OH结构,内部含有丰富的易发生置换的金属离子,将其引入保水材料聚合结构可以改善原材料的诸多性能,提高经济效益、扩大利润。本文借助水溶液聚合法,选用过硫酸钾-亚硫酸钠氧化还原引发体系,以丙烯酸(AA)与丙烯酰胺(AM)为反应单体,N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,丙三醇为增塑剂,添加三种粘土如改性蒙脱土(OMMT)、蒙脱土(MMT)、高岭土(Kaolin)合成了一系列复合保水材料。以降低成本、改善材料性能为目的对合成因素与性能间的关系进行考察,进而研制保水缓释肥。采用红外、热重、扫描等方法表征合成的材料及膜层。主要结论如下:(1)从成本及性能的角度综合考虑,复合保水材料的最佳合成配方为:单体配比即m(AA):m(AM)=3.5:1,反应中和度为70%,引发剂用量为1%,交联剂用量为0.04%,丙三醇用量为15%,蒙脱土用量为20%。复合保水材料在盐溶液中的吸液能力随离子浓度增大而下降,且在等阳离子浓度的氯盐溶液中,各离子的影响顺序为:Fe3+Ca2+Na+K+。(2)红外(IR)与热重(TG-DTG)表征得出,粘土与反应原料的复合不是简单的混合,而是通过粘土表层的羟基(-OH)与丙烯酸中的羧基(-COOH)发生反应。P(AA-AM)/粘土复合保水材料分解温度升高,说明粘土的引入赋予材料更好的热稳定性。复合保水材料中粘土与反应原料复合的3个过程为酯化反应的发生、引发反应的进行和氢键结构的建立。(3)采用自制的喷动设备、保水材料包膜液制备保水缓释肥。相关性能测试表明,就缓释性能、土壤持水能力及保水性能而言,P(AA-AM)/粘土复合保水缓释肥的性能优于P(AA-AM)保水缓释肥。(4)膜层的红外光谱和SEM图表明了保水膜层的存在,且SEM图膜层结构中孔隙、片层及“海-岛”结构的出现解释了膜层吸液性能高的原因。
[Abstract]:The traditional acrylic water retention material has many disadvantages, such as high cost, single performance, low absorbency, poor water retention capacity and so on. How to reduce the cost. Improving the properties of the material is the key factor in the development of water-retaining membrane. The surface layer of high-quality and inexpensive clay material has a large number of Si(Al)-OH structure, and the interior contains abundant metal ions that are easy to be replaced. Introducing it into the polymerization structure of water-retaining materials can improve the properties of raw materials, increase economic benefits and expand profits. In this paper, potassium persulfate sodium sulfite redox initiation system is selected by aqueous solution polymerization. Three kinds of clay such as modified montmorillonite (OMMT) were added with acrylic acid (AA) and acrylamide (AM) as crosslinking agent and glycerol as plasticizer. A series of composite water-retaining materials were synthesized by montmorillonite (MMT) and Kaolin. The relationship between the synthesis factors and the properties was investigated in order to reduce the cost and improve the properties of the materials. The synthesized materials and films were characterized by IR, TGA and scanning. The main conclusions are as follows: 1) considering the cost and performance. The optimum synthetic formula of the composite water-retaining material is as follows: the monomer ratio is 3. 5: 1, the neutralization degree is 70, the amount of initiator is 1, and the amount of crosslinking agent is 0.04%. The ratio of glycerol to montmorillonite and montmorillonite were 15 and 20 respectively. The absorbency of the composite water-retaining material in salt solution decreased with the increase of ion concentration and in the chloride solution with the same cationic concentration. The influence order of each ion is: Fe 3 Ca2 Na K) IR) and TG-DTG) it is concluded that the composite of clay and raw material is not a simple mixture. Instead, the decomposition temperature of AA-AMN / clay composite water-retaining material was increased by the reaction between hydroxyl group (OH) and carboxyl group (COOH) in acrylic acid. The results show that the introduction of clay gives better thermal stability and the three processes of composite water-retaining material are esterification reaction. The initiation reaction and the establishment of hydrogen bond structure. 3) using the self-made spouted equipment, the water-retaining material coating liquid was used to prepare the water-retaining slow-release fertilizer. The related performance tests showed that the slow-release property was obtained. Soil water holding capacity and water retention performance. The FT-IR spectra and SEM diagrams of the water-retaining and slow-release fertilizer (PIAA-AMN / clay composite) were better than that of PAA-AM4). The existence of the water-retaining film was indicated by IR spectra and SEM diagrams. The appearance of pores, lamellae and "sea-island" structure in the membrane structure of SEM diagram explains the high liquid absorption performance of the film.
【学位授予单位】：太原理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TQ449.1

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