废弃物堆肥化基质地面覆盖对果园土壤及果树生长的影响

发布时间：2018-02-01 04:39

本文关键词： 废弃物堆肥化基质覆盖土壤性状果园果实品质　出处：《山东农业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：目前,我国果园现状普遍为过度依赖农药、化肥来提高果实产量,因而导致了水体污染,土壤酸化板结及有机质含量越来越低等一系列环境问题及食品安全问题。为了为废弃物资源在果树上的合理利用找到一条新途径,同时为了增加果园蓄水量,改善土壤的生态结构,本研究模拟原始森林的地表结构,探讨了覆盖牛粪锯末堆肥基质(CSC)、牛粪树皮堆肥基质(CBC)、鸡粪锯末堆肥基质(FSC)、鸡粪树皮堆肥基质(FBC)、菇渣堆肥基质(SMC)、啤酒污泥堆肥基质(BSC)六种不同的有机堆肥基质地表覆盖以及同种有机废弃物堆肥基质在果园地表覆盖不同年限对土壤、果树的影响,试验所用的堆肥基质经过高温有氧腐解处理后,树下起垄表层基质覆盖。试验结果表明,有机质堆肥的覆盖可以显著降低表层(0 20cm)土壤容重,使土壤疏松,增大通气性。表层基质覆盖杂草抑制率达到98%以上,污泥堆肥基质含水率最高,保水效果最好,其次是鸡粪树皮堆肥基质,最次的是菇渣。覆盖改良区相比CK区土壤养分含量各方面都有显著的增加,其中鸡粪锯末、鸡粪树皮堆肥化基质两组处理对土壤有机质、全氮、速效磷、速效钾含量增加及其明显。在土壤三种酶的方面,过氧化氢酶、脲酶差异一般,而蔗糖酶的处理中以牛粪树皮、牛粪锯末堆肥化基质两组处理最为明显。综合果实品质的各个方面来看,牛粪树皮、牛粪锯末、鸡粪树皮、鸡粪锯末四组处理差异较小但都比CK高出20%~30%,而菇渣堆肥化基质、污泥堆肥化基质两组效果不是很明显。根系活力的大小顺序为CBCCSCFBCFSCBSCSMCCK。随着堆肥基质覆盖年限的增加,各个处理相比CK,土壤有机质含量有了明显的提高。随着覆盖年限的增加,三组处理土壤有机质逐步增加,分别比对照CK组高出88.25%、130.93%、187.89%。而三组处理中,氮、磷、钾的含量均有显著的增加,而在0-20cm土层中效果最为明显。三组处理单果重分别比CK高出35.96%、44.06%、85.09%。而可溶性固形物变化不明显。在果实硬度的指标中,经过三年处理与对照CK差距较大。
[Abstract]:At present, the current situation of orchards in China is generally dependent on pesticides and fertilizers to improve the fruit yield, resulting in water pollution. In order to find a new way for the rational utilization of waste resources on fruit trees and to increase the storage capacity of orchard, a series of environmental problems and food safety problems such as soil acidification, organic matter content and so on have been found in order to find a new way for the rational utilization of waste resources on fruit trees. In order to improve the ecological structure of soil, this study simulates the surface structure of the original forest, and discusses the covering of cattle dung sawdust compost substrate (CSCC) and cow dung bark composting substrate (CBC). Chicken manure sawdust composting substrate FSCC, chicken dung bark composting substrate FBCU, mushroom residue composting substrate SMC). Effects of six different organic compost substrates and the same organic waste composting substrate on soil and fruit trees in orchards for different years. The results showed that the organic compost mulch could significantly reduce the soil bulk density (0 ~ 20 cm). The inhibition rate of weeds covered by surface substrate was more than 98%, the moisture content of sludge compost substrate was the highest, the water retention effect was the best, and the next was the composting substrate of chicken dung bark. The most important is mushroom dregs. Compared with CK area, the soil nutrient content in the improved coverage area increased significantly, among which chicken manure sawdust, chicken dung tree bark composting substrate two groups of treatment on soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus. The difference of catalase and urease was general in soil three enzymes, while the bark of cow dung was used in the treatment of sucrase. Cattle manure sawdust composting substrate treatment is the most obvious. Comprehensive fruit quality of all aspects, cattle dung bark, cattle manure sawdust, chicken manure bark. The difference of the four groups of chicken manure sawdust treatment was small, but it was 20% and 30% higher than that of CK, while the mushroom residue composting substrate. The order of root activity was CBCCSCFBCFSCBSCSMCCK. Compared with CK, the content of soil organic matter in each treatment increased obviously. With the increase of mulching years, the organic matter of three treatments increased gradually, which was 88.25% higher than that of CK group respectively. The contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium increased significantly in the three groups. The effect was the most obvious in 0-20cm soil layer. The single fruit weight of the three treatments was 35.96% higher than that of CK (44.06%). 85.09. but soluble solids did not change obviously. In the index of fruit firmness, there was a big difference between CK and treatment after three years.
【学位授予单位】：山东农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S141.4;S66

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