小麦秸秆不同还田方式下土壤微生物碳代谢多样性特征

发布时间：2018-03-11 00:39

本文选题：秸秆　切入点：生物质炭　出处：《生态与农村环境学报》2017年10期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：秸秆还田是影响稻田土壤固碳潜力的重要措施,研究秸秆不同还田方式下土壤微生物碳源代谢特征对提高农作物秸秆利用和增加土壤碳固定具有重要意义,为此采用自动微生物鉴定系统(Biolog-ECO)研究在短期耕作条件下小麦秸秆不同还田方式对稻田耕层土壤微生物群落结构和多样性的影响。以江苏省六合区黄棕壤为研究对象,对等氮量秸秆发酵床垫料化还田(SP)、秸秆炭化(补施化肥)还田(BR)、秸秆+猪粪发酵还田(OF)、传统施用化肥(CF)和不施肥(CK)对照处理土壤进行分层采样,采用Biolog-ECO方法揭示微生物群落结构的多样性,并采用主成分分析法(PCA)探讨土壤微生物群落结构的变化特征。结果表明,不同秸秆还田方式能显著影响土壤微生物碳代谢特征,OF处理土壤微生物碳代谢能力、微生物多样性各项指数及糖类、氨基酸、胺类和多聚物利用率明显高于其他处理;而SP处理土壤微生物的影响明显小于OF、BR处理;不同秸秆还田方式能显著影响土壤表层(0~5 cm)和耕作亚表层(5~10 cm)微生物碳利用,而对耕作底层(10~20 cm)的影响较小;不同秸秆还田方式影响土壤微生物多样性,与CF和BR处理相比,OF和SP处理增加了土壤微生物多样性。认为OF和BR处理可在短期内显著提高土壤微生物碳代谢多样性和对碳源的利用。
[Abstract]:Straw returning is an important measure to affect the potential of carbon sequestration in paddy soil. It is important to study the characteristics of soil microbial carbon source metabolism in different ways of returning straw to improve the utilization of crop straw and increase soil carbon fixation. In this paper, an automatic microbial identification system was used to study the effects of wheat straw returning methods on the soil microbial community structure and diversity in paddy field under short-term tillage. The yellow brown soil in Liuhe region of Jiangsu Province was taken as the research object. Soil samples were collected by stratified sampling in the same nitrogen fermentation bed, straw carbonization (supplemental chemical fertilizer), straw carbonization (supplemental chemical fertilizer), straw fermenting and pig manure fermenting (OFN), conventional chemical fertilizer application (CFC) and non-fertilization CK). The diversity of microbial community structure was revealed by Biolog-ECO method, and the variation characteristics of soil microbial community structure were studied by principal component analysis. Soil microbial carbon metabolism characteristics were significantly affected by different straw returning methods. The microbial diversity indexes and utilization efficiency of carbohydrates amino acids amines and polymers were significantly higher in the treatments treated with OF than in other treatments. The effect of SP treatment on soil microorganism was obviously smaller than that of OFN Br treatment, and different straw returning methods could significantly affect the soil surface layer (0 ~ 5 cm) and tillage subsurface layer (5 ~ 10 cm) microbial carbon utilization, but had little effect on the bottom layer (10 ~ 20 cm). Soil microbial diversity was affected by different straw returning methods. Compared with CF and Br treatments, the microbial diversity of soil was increased with the treatment of OF and SP, and it was concluded that the treatment of of of F and Br could significantly increase the diversity of carbon metabolism and the utilization of carbon source in the short term.
【作者单位】：江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所;扬州大学环境科学与工程学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金(41401259) 江苏省自然科学基金(BK20161379) 江苏省农业科技自主创新基金[CX(17)3019]
【分类号】：S141.4;S154.3

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