不同盐碱地改良措施的脱盐、抑盐效果研究

发布时间：2018-03-11 02:04

本文选题：盐碱地　切入点：冲洗　出处：《北方民族大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：针对引黄灌区由于地下水位高、黄河来水减少等因素导致的次生盐碱地荒废、易于返盐、作物成活率低等问题,以“脱盐和抑盐”为水盐调控技术手段,研究旱作条件下快速冲洗改良、竖孔排盐、耕作抑盐等水盐调控关键技术,建立完整的盐碱地改良技术体系,为盐碱地改良利用提供科学依据。主要研究结果如下:1.旱作条件下盐分冲洗效果试验。通过采用裂区试验设计布置田间试验,研究发现,无排盐沟0-20 cm 土层处理4 (脱硫石膏+深松耕)土壤全盐含量下降了 39.3%,处理2 (施用脱硫石膏)土壤全盐降低26.20%,处理3 (深松耕)土壤全盐含量下降了 13.22%, 20-40 cm 土层处理4 (脱硫石膏+深松耕)土壤全盐含量下降了 23.79%,处理2 (施用脱硫石膏)土壤全盐含量下降了 18.80%。设置排盐沟有助于降低土壤盐分,处理4 (设置排盐沟+脱硫石膏+深松耕)耕层土壤全盐含量下降了 34.73%,耕层土壤盐分下降了 66.51%。土壤碱化度较对照下降了 34.35%。2.土壤竖孔排盐效果试验。为了加速旱作盐分冲洗效果,达到快速排盐的目的,研究设置不同排盐孔数的脱盐效果,确定打破粘土层,疏通排盐通道的最佳竖孔布置方式。二因素试验设计,因素一为排盐孔数,设3个水平:不打孔(处理1)、200个·hm2 (处理2)、400个·hm2 (处理3);因素二为灌水淋洗次数,设2个水平:1次、4次。灌水4次处理在灌水1次处理基础上进行。小区面积为4 m×50 m=200 m2,每处理3次重复。排盐孔数为300个·hm-2处理土壤全盐含量下降幅度最大,全盐含量下降38.71%,设置排盐孔数越多,相应的土壤脱盐率越高。3.不同农艺措施防盐抑盐效果试验。为了控制土壤返盐,研究中耕、防蒸覆盖、起垄沟植等不同农艺措施的防盐抑盐效果,提出适宜的盐碱地防盐抑盐技术。试验采用拉丁方设计,设对照(处理1)、中耕(处理2)、起垄沟植(处理3)、防蒸覆盖(处理4) 4个处理,4次重复。中耕、防蒸覆盖、起垄沟植等措施都可不同程度地提高油葵出苗率产量,出苗率较对照分别提高了 6.98%、42.87%和51.43%,产量分别较对照提高了 23.30%、46.62%和58.90%。综上,施用石膏、打孔填砂、中耕、防蒸覆盖、起垄沟植等措施能显著改良盐碱地,通过快速冲洗改良、竖孔排盐、耕作抑盐等水盐调控关键技术为后期盐碱地改良提供依据。
[Abstract]:In view of the problems of waste secondary saline-alkali land, easy to return salt and low survival rate of crops caused by the high groundwater level and the decrease of the Yellow River incoming water in the Yellow River Irrigation area, "desalting and restraining salt" is taken as the technical means of water and salt regulation and control. The key technologies of water and salt regulation such as rapid irrigation and improvement, vertical pore salt removal, tillage and salt suppression under dry farming were studied, and a complete technical system of saline-alkali land improvement was established. The main results are as follows: 1. Salt washing effect test under dry condition. The total salt content of treatment 4 (desulphurized gypsum deep loosening) decreased by 39.3%, treatment 2 (application of desulphurized gypsum) decreased 26.20%, treatment 3 (deep soilage) decreased 13.22%, 20-40%. The total salt content of soil decreased 23.79 in treatment 4 (deep loosening of desulfurized gypsum) and 18.80 in treatment 2 (application of desulphurized gypsum). Treatment 4 (setting salt-drain desulphurization gypsum deep loosening) the total salt content of topsoil soil decreased 34.73 and 66.51.The alkalinity of soil decreased 34.35.2.The effect of soil vertical pore salt removal was tested. The effect of salt irrigation on rapid dry cultivation, To achieve the purpose of rapid salt removal, the desalination effect of different salt discharge holes is studied, and the optimal vertical hole arrangement for breaking the clay layer and dredging the salt discharge channel is determined. The two factor experimental design shows that the first factor is the number of salt discharge holes. Three levels: no perforation (treatment 1, 200 路hm2, treatment 2, 400 hm2, treatment 3; factor 2, times of irrigation and elution, The soil salt content in the treatment of irrigation 4 times on the basis of irrigation treatment was 4 m 脳 50 m ~ (2) m ~ (2), repeated 3 times per treatment, and the total salt content of soil under the treatment of 300 路hm-2 was the largest. The total salt content decreased by 38.71%, and the more salt holes were set, the higher the desalinization rate of soil was. 3. The effect of salt control and salt suppression by different agronomic measures was tested. In order to control soil salt return, to study soil tillage and evapotranspiration, The effects of different agronomic measures such as ridge planting on salt control and salt suppression were put forward, and the appropriate salt control and salt control techniques were put forward. The Latin square design was used in the experiment. The yield of oil sunflower can be increased in different degree by the control (treatment 1), middle tillage (treatment 2), furrow planting (treatment 3), steam mulching (treatment 4), 4 treatments (4 times repeated), and the measures of middle tillage, anti steam mulching and ridge furrow planting can increase the yield of oil sunflower in varying degrees. The seedling emergence rate was increased by 6.98% and 51.43%, respectively, and the yield was increased by 23.30%, 46.62% and 58.90%, respectively. In summary, the saline-alkali land could be improved significantly by applying gypsum, drilling and filling sand, tillage, preventing steaming and mulching, setting up ridge and furrow planting, and so on. The key techniques of water and salt regulation, such as vertical pore salt removal, tillage and salt suppression, provide the basis for the later saline-alkali land improvement.
【学位授予单位】：北方民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S156.4

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