砾石暗沟提高脱硫石膏改良龟裂碱土效果及油葵产量

发布时间：2018-03-11 17:07

  本文选题：灌溉　切入点：淋洗　出处：《农业工程学报》2017年22期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：针对龟裂碱土质地黏重、透水性差、难以改良利用等瓶颈问题,该研究采用砾石暗沟改良技术,在统一施用脱硫石膏22.5 t/hm2和淋洗定额4 500 m~3/hm~2的基础上,研究不同暗沟间距(3、6、9 m)及砾石垫层厚度(25、30、35 cm)对龟裂碱土理化性质、盐分离子浓度、油葵产量的影响。试验结果表明:1)灌水洗盐过程中砾石暗沟的设置有利于提高土壤渗透性,保持脱盐状态,暗沟间距越小脱盐效果越显著;2)砾石暗沟处理下土壤Na~+、CO_3~(2-)、HCO_3~-、Cl~-浓度显著减少,其中Na~+是最主要阳离子,其Cl~-的相关性最大,其次为SO_4~(2-);3)在暗沟间距3 m、砾石层厚度35 cm的处理下(T3),第1年0~40 cm土层pH值、碱化度分别比CK(无暗沟处理)降低11.6%、32.2%,第2年分别降低12.4%、39.6%;4)T3处理油葵出苗率和产量最高,第1年产量为CK的2.87倍,第2年为CK的3.44倍。因此,砾石暗沟能促进脱硫石膏改善龟裂碱土理化性质,提高作物产量。
[Abstract]:In view of the bottleneck problems such as viscous texture, poor permeability and difficulty in improving and utilization of chapped alkali soil, this study adopted gravel dark ditch improvement technology, based on the uniform application of desulphurized gypsum 22.5 t / hm ~ 2 and leaching quota of 4 500 m ~ 2 / 3 / h ~ (-2). The effects of different spacing of dark ditches (3 ~ 6 ~ 6 ~ 9 m) and gravel cushion thickness of 25 ~ 30 ~ (35 cm) on physical and chemical properties, concentration of salt ion and yield of oil sunflower were studied. The results showed that the setting of gravel trench in the process of irrigation and salt washing was beneficial to the improvement of soil permeability. In the condition of desalting, the effect of desalination is more obvious with the smaller the distance between the dark ditches and gravel.) the concentration of Na ~ (3 +) C ~ (3 +) in soil decreases significantly under the treatment of gravel dark ditch. The concentration of Na ~ ~ is the main cation, and the correlation of Cl ~ (-) is the greatest. The next was so _ 4 / C _ 2 ~ (3)) under the treatment of 3 m interval of dark ditch and 35 cm thickness of gravel layer, the pH value and alkalinity of 0 ~ 40 cm soil layer in the first year were lower than CK (without dark ditch treatment) by 11.632 ~ (2) and 12.4% ~ 39.6 ~ 4T3 ~ (3) respectively, the seedling rate and yield of oil sunflower were the highest in the treatment of 0 ~ (40) cm in the first year, and the highest in the second year, compared with CK (without dark ditch treatment). The yield in the first year was 2.87 times that of CK and 3.44 times in the second year. Therefore, the gravel ditch can promote desulfurization gypsum to improve the physical and chemical properties of chapped alkali soil and increase crop yield.
【作者单位】： 宁夏大学土木与水利工程学院;宁夏大学资源环境学院;宁夏(中阿)旱区资源评价与环境调控重点实验室;宁夏大学环境工程研究院;
【基金】：国家林业公益性行业科研重大专项(201504402)
【分类号】：S156.4;S565.5

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