生物质热电厂废弃物草木灰颗粒肥成型工艺试验研究

发布时间：2018-03-24 13:12

本文选题：草木灰　切入点：颗粒肥　出处：《吉林农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：根据作物营养学说,植物通过扩散、质流和截获吸收养分。作物生长过程中主要通过扩散吸收外界营养物质。因此,实际生产中应该在作物根系附近补充作物所需的各项营养物质。草木灰物质含有一定的钾元素,在农作物种植期间进行播撒,为需钾作物补充一定量的钾元素,促进作物快速生长,产量升高。我国是钾肥稀缺国家,钾肥年需求量很大,大量依赖进口,造成大量资金外流,因此,通过加工草木灰颗粒肥料,对缓解我国钾肥短缺,实现生物质资源的规模化利用,改善生态环境具有深远的意义。国内外学者对草木灰的性质、作用也已经展开了大量研究,但对草木灰制备颗粒肥料仍然存在一定空白。针对这个问题,本文从草木灰的物理化学性质出发,分析草木灰的成分、含量、肥效等,并配制酸碱中和液(酸碱中和液/草木灰=1/20)调整草木灰酸碱度;本文比较了目前生物质成型设备及各成型工艺的优缺点,确定采用模压式颗粒成型机进行颗粒成型试验研究。试验结果表明:当草木灰物料摄入水分为0.7~0.85kg,相对湿度为12.70%~13.58%时,可以连续生产出具有一定强度的草木灰颗粒肥,并且成型机不发生堵塞、无蒸汽产生、无“放炮”现象;对相关烘干机的烘干原理、烘干条件、烘干类型进行阐述,选取微波炉作为颗粒肥烘干试验设备。试验结果表明:当微波功率为700w时,颗粒含水量下降,强度提高,烘干时间为300s,并且颗粒外形完整,表面无裂痕产生,草木灰颗粒质量最佳,该条件下为草木灰颗粒肥烘干最佳工艺条件。按上述成型与烘干工艺条件进行试验生产了20袋草木灰颗粒肥料,并开展了田间肥效试验。本文的试验研究工作为草木灰颗粒肥料制取方法的推进、选取草木灰颗粒肥生产与烘干设备等提供了理论依据,并且建厂投入大量生产后可以缓解我国钾肥短缺的问题。
[Abstract]:According to crop nutrition, plants absorb nutrients mainly through diffusion, mass flow and interception. In actual production, the nutrients needed for crops should be replenished near the roots of crops. The ash of plants and trees contains certain potassium elements, which are sown during the planting period of crops, so as to supplement certain amounts of potassium elements for crops in need of potassium. Promoting the rapid growth of crops and increasing the yield. China is a country where potash fertilizer is scarce. The annual demand for potash fertilizer is very large, and it relies heavily on imports, resulting in a large amount of capital outflow. Therefore, by processing grained fertilizer of grass and wood ash, the shortage of potash fertilizer in China can be alleviated. It is of great significance to realize the large-scale utilization of biomass resources and improve the ecological environment. Scholars at home and abroad have also carried out a great deal of research on the nature and role of plant ash. However, there is still a gap in the preparation of granular fertilizer from plant ash. In view of this problem, the composition, content and fertilizer efficiency of plant ash are analyzed based on the physical and chemical properties of plant ash. The acid-base neutralization solution (acid-base neutralization solution / plant ash 1 / 20) was prepared to adjust the acidity and alkalinity of the plant ash. The advantages and disadvantages of the current biomass molding equipment and various molding processes were compared in this paper. The experimental study of granulation was carried out by means of moulding granulation molding machine. The results showed that when the intake of water was 0.7 ~ 0.85 kg, the relative humidity was 12.70 ~ 13.58 kg, the grain-shaped fertilizer with certain strength could be produced continuously. And there is no clogging, no steam production, no "firing" phenomenon; the drying principle, drying conditions, drying type of the relevant drying machine are expounded. Microwave oven was selected as the drying test equipment of granular fertilizer. The results showed that when microwave power was 700w, the moisture content of particles decreased, the strength increased, the drying time was 300s, the shape of particles was intact, and no cracks occurred on the surface. According to the above processing conditions, 20 bags of grain fertilizer of plant and wood ash were tested and produced. The field fertilizer efficiency experiment was carried out. The experimental work in this paper provided the theoretical basis for the promotion of the method of making grain fertilizer of grass and wood ash, and the selection of production and drying equipment of grain fertilizer of plant and wood ash, etc. And the construction of large-scale production can alleviate the shortage of potash fertilizer in China.
【学位授予单位】：吉林农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TQ440.6

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