基于立体摄影技术的细沟与细沟水流参数测量

发布时间：2018-03-27 17:45

本文选题：摄影测量　切入点：细沟形态　出处：《农业机械学报》2016年11期

【摘要】：细沟和细沟水流参数的准确测量可为深化坡面土壤侵蚀过程研究提供重要理论依据。基于立体摄影测量技术,以坡度为15°和20°的黄土坡面为研究对象,采用人工模拟径流冲刷的方法,对比不同时刻坡面的高精度数字高程模型DEM,提出了动床条件下坡面细沟宽度、深度以及细沟水流宽度、深度的测量和计算方法,分析了2个坡度处理下坡面细沟形态、细沟水流特征及其变化规律,探讨了立体摄影测量技术与其他测量技术在细沟形态及径流特征参数测量方面的异同。结果表明:经过比例尺的校正,可以在垂直拍摄的立体摄影照片上直接准确测量细沟宽度和细沟水流宽度;运用内插法,立体摄影测量技术能较准确地测量细沟深度和细沟水流深度的实时动态变化。随坡长的增加,细沟深度逐渐增大,而细沟水流深度则无明显变化趋势;细沟宽度随坡长的增加呈先增大后减小的变化趋势,而细沟水流宽度逐渐减小;20°坡度下细沟宽度和深度的增加速率分别是15°坡度下的1.7倍和1.3倍;同20°坡度相比,15°坡度条件下的细沟水流的宽度增加了1.7%~13.1%,而2个试验坡度下的细沟水流深度无明显差异。
[Abstract]:The accurate measurement of rill and rill flow parameters can provide an important theoretical basis for deepening the study of soil erosion process on slope. Based on stereo photogrammetry, the loess slope with slope of 15 掳and 20 掳is taken as the research object. By means of artificial simulation of runoff scour, a new method for measuring and calculating the width, depth, width and depth of rill on slope surface under moving bed condition is put forward by comparing the high precision digital elevation model DEM at different times on slope surface, and the method of measuring and calculating the width and depth of gully flow in moving bed is put forward. In this paper, the shape of ravine, the characteristics of rill flow and its variation under two slope treatments are analyzed. The similarities and differences between stereoscopic photogrammetry and other measurement techniques in the measurement of rill shape and runoff characteristic parameters are discussed. The results show that: after scale correction, The width of the rill and the width of the flow can be measured directly and accurately on the vertical stereoscopic photograph; the interpolation method is used. Stereo photogrammetry can accurately measure the real time dynamic variation of rill depth and rill flow depth. With the increase of slope length, the rill depth increases gradually, but the rill flow depth does not change obviously. The rill width increases first and then decreases with the increase of slope length, and the increasing rate of rill width and depth is 1.7 times and 1.3 times of that of 15 掳slope when the rill flow width decreases gradually. Compared with the gradient of 20 掳, the width of the rill flow increased by 1.7 and 13.1at 15 掳, but there was no significant difference in the depth of the rill under the two test slopes.
【作者单位】：西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室;中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(41271299) 水利部黄土高原水土流失过程与控制重点实验室开放课题基金项目(2017001)
【分类号】：S157.1

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