微滴灌微生物菌群的筛选与组配研究

发布时间：2018-03-28 16:24

本文选题：微滴灌　切入点：微生物　出处：《西南科技大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：本论文在新疆科技厅科技支撑计划项目“新疆土壤荒漠化防治系列滴灌肥产业化关键技术研究与示范”和“国家农业科技成果转化资金项目(项目编号:2012GB2G200469)”的资助下。通过自然筛选和分离优势菌种,并进行分子水平的鉴定,探讨了这些菌种的相关生理生化指标和抗逆性,采用复配方法提高其在微滴灌设备中的应用,通过田间的组配结果证实其可明显增加土壤中微生物含量,具有提高土壤肥力,促进植物生长和增加作物产量的优势。对土壤荒漠化的生物治理提供一定的理论支撑和技术探索。研究结果如下:(1)自然分离出的菌株以芽孢杆菌属为主。菌株SM1与模式菌株Bacillus licheniformis BCRC 11702T(DQ309295)的匹配度高达100%,为地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis);菌株SM2与模式菌株Brevibacillus borstelensis NRRL NRS-818T(D78456)的匹配度为99%,为波茨坦短芽孢杆菌(Brevibacillus borstelensis);菌株SM3与模式菌株Bacillus subtilis subsp.subtilis BCRC 10255T(DQ309293)相似度在98%,为枯草芽孢杆菌枯草亚种(Bacillus subtilis subsp.subtilis):SM4菌株与模式菌株Bacillus mucilaginosus AS1.3714;DQ898309相似度为99.1%,为胶质芽孢杆菌(Bacillus mucilaginosus);菌株SM5和SM6分别是沼泽红假单胞菌(Rhodop seudanonas palustris ACCC10649)和维涅兰德固氮菌(Azotobacter vinelandii ACCC10087)(2)各菌株较适宜的培养条件初始p H为7.0~7.2,接种量1.8%~3.0%,培养温度28~37℃,转速140~200r/min。各菌株对上述因素的敏感程度不一;其中,地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis)温度初始p H接种量转速;波茨坦短芽孢杆菌(Brevibacillus borstelensis)初始p H转速接种量温度;枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis subsp.subtilis)转速接种量培养温度培养基初始p H;胶质芽孢杆菌(Bacillus mucilaginosus)转速接种量培养温度培养基初始p H;维涅兰德固氮菌(Azotobacter vinelandii)转速接种量培养温度培养基初始p H;沼泽红假单胞菌(Rhodop seudanonas palustris)培养基初始p H转速培养温度接种量。菌株的生化鉴定结果显示,各菌种对多数碳源的利用呈阳性反应,特别是对淀粉和3%Na Cl鸟氨酸的利用均表现为阳性,而对木糖醇的利用均表现出阴性。(3)在不同温度条件下,随着时间的推移,菌剂中有效活菌含量逐渐减少,在90d时为实验初期的75.6%~96.3%;在不同光照条件下,90d时的活菌数为实验初期的83.8%~95.4%;不同压强条件下,90d的活菌数为30d时的83.0%~95.4%(常压)71.4%~95.3%(0.025MPa),69.0%~96.8%(0.05MPa);各菌种在室温条件下,酶活性变化为2.1%~66.1%,光照条件下影响的最小值为23.3%,压强0.025MPa条件下,酶活为30d时的69.2%~77.3%。综合各因素,菌剂的较适宜贮藏条件是:温度在常温或者近常温,光照条件为避光,压强应该在0.025MPa左右。(4)田间施加菌肥的处理组有机质、全氮、全钾、速效钾等与对照相比,分别提高了0.8%~55.4%、2.5%~10.2%、60.0%~88.8%、-1.7%~13.0%。荒漠沙土壤中微生物的总量有较大的提升,其中细菌类比对照增加了9.9%~193.5%,各菌类增加率:细菌真菌放线菌;微生物群落结构分析表明:AWCD、Shannon指数(H')、Simpson指数(D)均随着菌肥的加入而呈现增长趋势,在菌肥处理后的荒漠土壤环境中,胺类为一种较敏感的碳源,其次分别是氨基酸类,羧酸类及多聚物类。当各菌种的配比为1:1:1:2:2:3时,对棉花的生长促进作用最大。
[Abstract]:The support project "Xinjiang soil desertification control series drip fertilizer industry key technology research and demonstration" and "national agricultural science and Technology Achievements Transformation Fund Project in Xinjiang science and Technology Department (project number: 2012GB2G200469)" funding. Through natural isolation and screening of dominant bacteria, identification and molecular level, is discussed these strains of related physiological and biochemical indexes and resistance, by using mixed methods to improve its application in micro irrigation equipment in the field, through combination of the results confirmed that the increased microbial content in soil, can improve soil fertility, promote plant growth and increase crop yield advantage. To provide theoretical support and technical exploration of some biological treatment on the soil desertification. The results are as follows: (1) natural isolated strains with Bacillus strain SM1 and strain Bacillus mode. L Icheniformis BCRC 11702T (DQ309295), up to 100%, Bacillus licheniformis (Bacillus licheniformis); strain SM2 and strain Brevibacillus borstelensis NRRL model NRS-818T (D78456), the degree of 99%, the Potsdam short bacillus (Brevibacillus borstelensis); strain SM3 and strain Bacillus subtilis subsp.subtilis BCRC 10255T model (DQ309293) similarity in 98%, for the Bacillus subtilis subsp (Bacillus subtilis subsp.subtilis): SM4 strain and strain Bacillus mucilaginosus AS1.3714 model; DQ898309 99.1% similarity to b.mucilaginosus (Bacillus mucilaginosus); strain SM5 and SM6 were Rhodopseudomonas palustris (Rhodop seudanonas palustris ACCC10649) and Vigne Rand (Azotobacter vinelandii ACCC10087) nitrogen fixing bacteria (2) the culture of each strain suitable conditions of initial P H 7.0~7.2, inoculation amount 1. 8%~3.0%, culture temperature 28~37, 140~200r/min. speed of each strain is more sensitive to the above factors not; among them, Bacillus licheniformis (Bacillus licheniformis) P H temperature of initial inoculum speed; Potsdam Bacillus brevis (Brevibacillus borstelensis) P H speed initial inoculation temperature; Bacillus subtilis (Bacillus subtilis subsp.subtilis) inoculation speed the incubation temperature of medium initial P H; Bacillus mucilaginosus (Bacillus mucilaginosus) speed inoculated temperature initial medium P H; Vigne Rand (Azotobacter vinelandii) the speed of nitrogen fixing bacteria inoculated temperature initial medium P H; Rhodopseudomonas palustris (Rhodop seudanonas palustris) the initial P of the medium speed H inoculum culture temperature strain. Biochemical identification results show that the majority of bacteria on the carbon source showed positive reaction, especially for starch and 3%Na Cl ammonia bird The use of acid were positive, and the use of xylitol showed negative. (3) under different temperature conditions, with the passage of time, agents of living bacteria were reduced gradually, when 90d is at the beginning of the 75.6%~96.3%; in different illumination conditions, the number of live bacteria for 90d at the beginning of the 83.8%~95.4%; different pressure conditions, the number of 83.0%~95.4% 90d live bacteria at 30d (atmospheric) 71.4%~95.3% (0.025MPa), 69.0%~96.8% (0.05MPa); the strain at room temperature, the enzyme activity changes of 2.1%~66.1%, the minimum value is 23.3% under the influence of light conditions, the pressure under the condition of 0.025MPa, enzyme activity for all factors when 30d 69.2%~77.3%., the suitable storage conditions are: temperature bacteria in normal or near normal, light to avoid light, pressure should be around 0.025MPa. (4) the field applied fertilizer treatment of organic matter, total nitrogen, total potassium, available potassium and so on CK, increased 0.8%~55.4%, 2.5%~10.2%, 60.0%~88.8%, total microbial -1.7%~13.0%. sand in soil has greatly improved, which increased the 9.9%~193.5% control bacteria analogy, the increase rate of fungi: bacteria fungi actinomycetes; microbial community structure analysis showed that: AWCD, Shannon index (H'), Simpson index (D) were with the addition of fertilizer increasing in fertilizer treated soil in desert environment, a more sensitive amine as carbon source, followed by amino acids, carboxylic acids and polymers. When the strain ratio is 1:1:1:2:2:3, the biggest role in promoting the growth of cotton.

【学位授予单位】：西南科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S144;S275

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