陕西杨凌规模化养殖场饲料及粪便中养分和重金属含量分析

发布时间：2018-03-31 05:34

本文选题：规模化养殖场　切入点：饲料　出处：《西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2017年05期

【摘要】：【目的】分析杨凌区规模化养殖场饲料及粪便中养分和重金属含量,为饲料添加剂及畜禽粪便安全利用提供参考。【方法】2014年7月在杨凌区19个不同规模的养殖场采集54个粪便样品和58个饲料样品,参照《土壤农化分析》对样品进行处理,并测定其氮磷钾和重金属含量。【结果】N、P、K和Zn、Ni、Cd、Cu、Pb在饲料中的含量分别为0.19%~5.64%,0.34%~15.63%,1.13%~3.64%和43.65~95.20,3.43~13.71,0.54~1.99,7.86~293.7,3.55~15.84mg/kg;在粪便中的含量分别为0.71%~3.56%,0.43%~7.42%,1.20%~8.93%和0.12~157.7,0.57~14.88,0.15~2.25,2.67~319.3,0.85~18.87mg/kg;粪便中EC为1.09~8.21mS/cm,pH为6.34~10.85。饲料和粪便中重金属元素含量的分布规律均呈现ZnCuPbNiCd趋势。畜禽粪便中重金属含量和饲料中重金属含量呈正相关关系,饲料是粪便中重金属的主要来源。根据《饲料卫生标准》(GB 13078-2001),本研究中饲料Cd含量全部超标,饲料Pb含量部分超标。畜禽粪便中氮磷钾含量基本均高于不同地区的同类家畜粪便,并以钾含量偏高较为显著。与不同年份或地区猪饲料相比较,Zn、Ni、Cd和Cu含量偏低,Pb含量略有偏高。【结论】杨凌区畜禽养殖中饲料添加剂应用相对较为合理,生产饲料和监督管理水平较为严格,畜禽粪便的安全利用潜力较高。
[Abstract]:[objective] to analyze the contents of nutrients and heavy metals in feed and feces of large-scale farms in Yangling area. [methods] 54 fecal samples and 58 feed samples were collected from 19 farms in Yangling District in July 2014, and the samples were treated with reference to "soil Agrochemical Analysis". The contents of N, P, K and heavy metals in feed were determined. [results] the contents of N, P, K and Cu Pb in feed were 0.195.640.345.640.345.633.64% and 43.650.2095.203.4313.710.541.97.86293.73.73.55mg 路kg ~ (-1), respectively. The contents in feces were 0.71g / kg 0.771.560.7.422o 1.208.93% and 0.12157.77.70.5714.87.87.82.252.672.319.3kg / kg respectively. The distribution of heavy metals in feces was 1.098.21S10.10 mg / kg and 6.85mg / cm respectively. The content of heavy metals in feces of livestock and poultry was positively correlated with the content of heavy metals in feed. Feed is the main source of heavy metals in feces. According to "Feed Sanitary Standard" (GB13078-2001), the contents of CD and Pb in the diet were all over the standard, and the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the feces of livestock and poultry were all higher than those of the same kind of domestic animals in different areas. Compared with pig feed in different years or regions, the content of CD and Cu was slightly higher than that of pig feed in Yangling area. [conclusion] the application of feed additive in Yangling area is relatively reasonable. The level of feed production and supervision and management is strict, and the potential for safe utilization of livestock and poultry manure is high.
【作者单位】：西北农林科技大学资源环境学院;西北农林科技大学人文社会发展学院;
【基金】：教育部第二批科研业务费项目(2452015240) 中央高校基本科研业务费专项(2014YB064) 陕西省社会科学基金重点项目(2014ZD09)
【分类号】：S816;X713

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