渭北不同园龄苹果园土壤团聚体状况及演变趋势研究

发布时间：2018-04-01 18:45

本文选题：苹果园　切入点：种植年限　出处：《土壤学报》2017年02期

【摘要】：为了探索果业生产和果园管理措施对土壤质量的影响,选取了渭北旱源苹果主产区彬县10a幼龄和21a老龄苹果园0~40 cm土壤为研究对象,以农田为对照,采用干筛法和湿筛法研究了不同种植年限果园土壤团聚状况与演变趋势。结果表明:渭北地区土壤机械稳定性团聚体以0.25 mm微团聚体为优势级别,仅0~20 cm处随园龄递增果园土壤团聚化趋势较为明显,0.25 mm土壤团聚体含量(DSAC0.25)、平均重量直径(MWD)和几何平均直径(GMD)均显著增大,团聚体分形维数(D)递减,但是,10~0.25 mm和5~1 mm最有价值团聚体和团聚体系数(KCTP)均在递减。渭北土壤水稳性团聚组成中约60%为0.25 mm微团聚体,在0~30 cm处土壤水稳性团聚体的MWD、GMD和WSAC0.25呈现为农田(对照CK)10a果园21a果园,随园龄递增有明显增大趋势。0.25 mm团聚体的破坏率(PAD0.25)随园龄增加显著增大,递增幅度随土层深度增加而递减。相关分析表明,土壤总有机碳(TOC)、颗粒态有机碳(POC)与机械稳定性团聚体各项指标呈极显著相关,土壤碳酸钙含量、黏粒含量与水稳定团聚体多项指标呈极显著相关,PAD0.25与土壤理化性质呈显著相关。研究表明,果树种植在表观上明显提高了渭北地区表层0~20 cm土壤机械稳定性大团聚体数量,增强了土壤抗风蚀能力,但却显著降低了土壤团聚体的农艺质量及其稳定性,果园土壤团聚体的农艺质量显著退化与有机物及碳酸钙含量递减有着直接关系。
[Abstract]:Soil aggregation status and evolution trend of orchard with different planting years were studied by dry sieve and wet sieve.The results showed that 0.25 mm microaggregate was the dominant grade of soil mechanical stability aggregates in Weibei area.With increasing orchard age, the soil agglomeration trend was obvious at 0 ~ 20 cm. The soil aggregate content was 0.25 mm, the mean weight diameter (MWD) and geometric mean diameter (GMD) increased significantly, and the aggregate fractal dimension (D) decreased.However, the most valuable aggregates and the number of aggregates (KCTP) of 100.25 mm and 51mm were decreasing.About 60% of the soil water stable aggregates in Weibei are 0.25 mm microaggregates. At 0 ~ 30 cm, the MWD GMD and WSAC0.25 of soil water stable aggregates are presented as farmland (control CK)10a orchard 21 a orchard).The rate of destruction of 0.25mm agglomerates increased significantly with the increase of garden age, and decreased with the increase of soil depth.Correlation analysis showed that soil total organic carbon (TOC) and particulate organic carbon (POC) were significantly correlated with the indexes of mechanical stability aggregates.The results showed that the surface planting of fruit trees significantly increased the number of soil mechanical stability aggregates in the surface layer of 0 ~ 20 cm in Weibei area, enhanced the ability of soil to resist wind erosion, but significantly reduced the agronomic quality and stability of soil aggregates.The agronomic quality of soil aggregates in orchards was significantly degraded and was directly related to the decrease of organic matter and calcium carbonate content.
【作者单位】：西北农林科技大学资源环境学院;衡水学院生命科学系;陕西省土地工程建设集团;
【基金】：农业部2010年农村能源综合建设项目(1251005507) 陕西省农业厅2013农业专项资金项目(2013182)资助~~
【分类号】：S661.1;S152

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