秸秆覆盖对盐碱地土壤水盐分布及玉米生长影响的研究

发布时间：2018-04-26 18:21

本文选题：盐碱地 + 玉米　；参考：《太原理工大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：本研究是以山西太原轻度盐碱与中度盐碱地区为主要的研究区域,以玉米为研究对象,开展秸秆覆盖研究。设置4个处理组,覆盖量分别为1.2kg/m~2(F1.2),0.9kg/m~2(F0.9),0.6kg/m~2(F0.6),0.3kg/m~2(F0.3),与1个对照组未覆盖(CK)。其目的主要是研究有利于改善轻度、中度盐碱地地区土壤水盐运移的规律以及改善玉米生长特性指标的最佳秸秆覆盖量。通过试验研究取得了一些初步成果:1、不同秸秆覆盖量条件下对盐碱地玉米株高、茎粗、叶面积指数的影响,主要包括:(1)对于玉米生长发育指标来说,在出苗初期处理组之间的差异不是特别明显,差异性主要集中在玉米生长的中后期。(2)轻度盐碱地的各个处理组玉米株高、茎粗、叶面积指数均比中度盐碱地对应处理组的相关数据大。(3)结果表明F0.9的覆盖量适合盐碱地玉米生长发育。2、不同秸秆覆盖量条件下对玉米产量的影响,主要包括:(1)从玉米产量分析表明,轻、中度盐碱地,处理组玉米产量都比对照组CK有不同程度的增加。(2)处理组F0.6玉米产量最多,增产效果由高到低的顺序为:F0.6F0.9F1.2F0.3CK。(3)轻度盐碱地、中度盐碱地F0.6比CK分别增产21.39%、14.5%。3、不同秸秆覆盖量条件下对土壤温度的影响,主要包括:(1)经过秸秆覆盖的处理组与没有经过秸秆覆盖的对照组的地温差异表现明显。(2)中度盐碱地,覆盖量为f0.6时,既有利于白天的热传导快速提高地温又有利于夜间的保温效果,可以延缓地温下降,为植株发育提供一个适宜的地温环境。4、不同秸秆覆盖量条件下对土壤含水率的影响,主要包括:(1)轻、中度盐碱地,秸秆覆盖对土壤表层0-20cm含水率影响明显。(2)处理组f0.9农田含水率数值最高,处理组农田土壤含水率均高于对照组对应土壤层的含水率。轻度盐碱地,农作物棵间土壤蒸发量从大到小依次为ckf0.3f0.6f0.9f1.2。秸秆覆盖处理可以起到蓄水保墒作用。(3)综合轻、中度盐碱地农作物耕作层含水量来说,f0.9的覆盖量最为合适。5、不同秸秆覆盖量条件下土壤含盐量的影响,主要包括:(1)轻、中度盐碱地,处理组含盐量明显低于对照组的含盐量。(2)处理主要对农田土壤深度0-20cm含盐量影响最大,当农田土壤深度不断增加时,秸秆覆盖措施对农田土壤含盐量变化逐渐减小。处理组f1.2、f0.9相比较于对照组脱盐效果明显。(3)从经济方面与控盐效果综合来说,处理组f0.9脱盐作用较好。6、秸秆覆盖对玉米生理指标变化的影响,主要包括:(1)轻、中度盐碱地都是处理组f0.9净光合速率提升效果明显。(2)处理组f0.9的蒸腾速率最大(3)处理组f0.9的叶绿素含量为最高。7、从玉米生长指标及土壤水分、盐分、温度数据分析综合来说,0.6-0.9kg/m~2的秸秆覆盖量对汾河灌区玉米的种植最为适宜。
[Abstract]:In this study, the main research area was light and moderate saline-alkali areas in Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, and the straw mulching was carried out with corn as the research object. Four treatment groups were set up, the coverage was 1.2 kg / m ~ (2) F ~ (1.2) ~ 0.9kg 路m ~ (2) ~ (-1) ~ (-1) F ~ (0.9) ~ 0.6 kg 路m ~ (2) F ~ (0.6) ~ 0.3kg / m ~ (2) F ~ (2) C ~ (2 +) and the control group was not covered with CK ~ (2 +). The main purpose of this study was to study the regularity of soil water and salt migration and the optimum straw mulch to improve the growth characteristics of maize in mild and moderate saline-alkali areas. The effects of different straw mulching on plant height, stem diameter and leaf area index of maize in saline and alkali soil, including the growth and development index of maize, were studied. In the early stage of seedling emergence, the difference between the treatment groups was not especially obvious, the difference was mainly concentrated in the middle and late stage of maize growth, the difference was mainly in the middle and late stage of maize growth, the difference was mainly in the corn plant height and stem diameter of each treatment group in the light saline soil. The results showed that the mulching amount of F0.9 was suitable for maize growth and development in saline-alkali soil, and the effect of different straw mulching on maize yield. The corn yield of the treatment group was higher than that of the control group in different degree. The yield of F0.6 maize in the treatment group was the highest, and the order of increasing yield was: F0.6F0.9F0.9F1.2F0.3CK.f3) in the light and moderate saline-alkali soil, the corn yield of the treatment group was higher than that of the control group, and the order of increasing yield was: F0.6F0.9F0.9F1.2F0.3CK. The yield of F0.6 in moderate saline-alkali land was 21.39 than that in CK, respectively. The effect of straw mulching on soil temperature was significant. The difference of soil temperature between the treatment group with straw mulching and the control group without straw mulching showed significant difference in soil temperature under different straw mulching conditions, and the difference of soil temperature between the treatment group and the control group without straw mulching was obvious. When the coverage is f0.6, it is not only beneficial to the heat conduction during the day to increase the ground temperature rapidly, but also to the thermal insulation effect at night, which can delay the decrease of the ground temperature. The effects of different straw mulching on soil moisture content, including 1) light and moderate saline-alkali soil, were provided for plant development. The effect of straw mulching on soil surface 0-20cm moisture content was obvious. 2) the water content of f0.9 farmland was the highest in the treatment group, and the soil moisture content of the treatment group was higher than that of the control group. In mild saline soil, the order of soil evaporation between crops was ckf0.3f0.6f0.9f1.2. Straw mulching can play a role of water storage and conservation of soil moisture. 3) Comprehensive light, moderate saline-alkali land crop tillage layer water content is the most appropriate. 5, different straw mulching effects of soil salt content, mainly including 1: 1) light, The salt content of the treatment group was significantly lower than that of the control group. (2) the main effect of the treatment on the soil depth of farmland was 0-20cm, and when the soil depth of the field was increasing, the salt content of the treatment group was significantly lower than that of the control group. Straw mulching measures on the soil salinity changes gradually decreased. Compared with the control group, the effect of desalination of treatment group f1.2mf0.9 was obvious. 3) in terms of economic and salt control effect, the effect of treatment group f0.9 on desalination was better. 6. The effect of straw mulch on physiological index change of maize, mainly including 1: 1) was light. In moderate saline-alkali land, the net photosynthetic rate of treatment group (f0.9) was significantly increased. The transpiration rate of treatment group (f0.9) was the highest. (3) the chlorophyll content of treatment group F0.9 was the highest. The chlorophyll content of treatment group was the highest, according to corn growth index and soil moisture, salt content. The analysis of temperature data shows that the straw mulch of 0.6-0.9kgmm2 is the most suitable for maize planting in Fenhe irrigation area.
【学位授予单位】：太原理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S513;S156.4

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