生物炭对新疆沙土微生物区系及土壤酶活性的影响

发布时间：2018-04-26 19:03

本文选题：生物炭 + 微生物区系　；参考：《干旱地区农业研究》2016年04期

【摘要】：为评估生物炭在新疆改良沙土的潜力,在新疆和田设生物炭施用量为0(CK)、22 500、67 500、112 500kg·hm~(-2)和225 000 kg·hm~(-2)5个处理的微区试验,轮作方式为绿豆-冬小麦。通过对试验结束后小区土壤可培养微生物和生理菌群计数、土壤酶活性测定,研究不同用量生物炭对沙土土壤微生物区系及土壤酶活性影响。结果表明:施用生物炭对沙土土壤养分含量、微生物区系和土壤酶产生显著影响。22 500~67 500 kg·hm~(-2)生物炭施用量能显著提高沙土土壤有机碳、速效磷和速效钾含量。生物炭影响沙土中可培养细菌、真菌及放线菌数量,在生物炭施用量为67 500 kg·hm~(-2)下细菌数量最高,比CK增加了63.83%;施用量为22 500 kg·hm~(-2)放线菌数量最高,增加了250.00%;施用量为67 500 kg·hm~(-2)真菌数量最少,降低了71.43%。生物炭影响沙土中纤维素分解菌和自生固氮菌数量,随着施用量增加,其数量呈先增加后降低趋势,其中施用量为112 500 kg·hm~(-2)纤维素分解菌和自生固氮菌数量最多,分别比CK增加了211.11%和1 057.89%。土壤中添加67 500~112 500 kg·hm~(-2)的生物炭土壤中蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶和蛋白酶活性最高。相关分析表明,不同生物炭施用量条件下,土壤养分与细菌、亚硝化细菌、反硝化细菌、土壤酶(磷酸酶除外)关系密切。因此,适量施用生物炭能提高沙土土壤养分、增加微生物菌群数量和土壤酶活性,在本试验点最适生物炭用量为67 500 kg·hm~(-2)。
[Abstract]:In order to evaluate the potential of biochar in improving sandy soil in Xinjiang, a microzone experiment was carried out in Hetian, Xinjiang, with the amount of biochar being 22 500 ~ 67 500112 500kg / h ~ (-2) and 225 000 kg / h ~ (-1) 路m ~ (-1) ~ (-2). The rotation was mung bean and winter wheat. The effects of different amounts of biochar on soil microbial flora and soil enzyme activity in sandy soil were studied by counting microbes and physiological bacteria and determining soil enzyme activity after the experiment. The results showed that the application of biochar had a significant effect on soil nutrient content, microbial flora and soil enzyme. The amount of biochar application could significantly increase the contents of organic carbon, available phosphorus and available potassium in sandy soil. Biochar affected the number of culturable bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes in sandy soil. The number of bacteria was the highest at the rate of 67,500 kg hmm-2, which was 63.83% higher than that of CK, and 22 500 kg hmm-2) the number of actinomycetes was the highest. The amount of fungi increased by 250.00kg and the dosage was 67,500 kg / hm ~ (-2). The number of fungi decreased by 71.43%. The amount of cellulose decomposing bacteria and autogenous nitrogen-fixing bacteria in sandy soil was affected by biochar. With the increase of application rate, the amount of cellulose decomposing bacteria and autogenous nitrogen fixing bacteria increased first and then decreased, and the amount of cellulose decomposing bacteria and autogenous nitrogen fixing bacteria was the highest. Compared with CK, it increased by 211.11% and 1 057.89%, respectively. The activities of sucrase, catalase and protease were the highest in the biochar soil with the addition of 67,500 ~ 112,500 kg / hm ~ (-2). Correlation analysis showed that soil nutrients were closely related to bacteria, nitrifying bacteria, denitrifying bacteria and soil enzymes (except phosphatase) under different biochar application. Therefore, proper application of biochar can improve soil nutrients, increase microbial flora and soil enzyme activity, and the optimum amount of biochar is 67,500 kg / hm-1 ~ (-2) in this experiment site.
【作者单位】：新疆农业科学院微生物应用研究所新疆特殊环境微生物实验室绿洲养分与水土资源高效利用重点实验室;新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金(31460148;41161055;41261059) 新疆维吾尔自治区科技支撑计划项目(201431108) 自治区公益性科研院所基本科研业务经费(ky2012059)
【分类号】：S154

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