生物炭对云南典型植烟土壤持水性及烤烟产量的影响

发布时间：2018-05-20 16:43

本文选题：生物炭 + 植烟土壤　；参考：《中国土壤与肥料》2017年04期

【摘要】：为解决季节性干旱导致云南省烤烟减产的问题,开展了烟秆生物炭改善云南典型植烟土壤持水性的研究,进而为生物炭在烟叶生产中的推广应用提供依据。通过盆栽试验研究了穴施不同用量生物炭(0%、1%、4%、7%、11%干土重)对黄红壤(YR)、黄棕壤(YB)、赤红壤(LR)、水稻土(PD)和紫色土(PE)5种典型植烟土壤持水性的影响。结果表明:施用生物炭显著提升5种土壤持水性,一次浇水周期较对照延长1~5 d,对烤烟产量的影响因土壤类型而异。其中,1%~11%范围内,YR土壤持水性随着生物炭用量增加而降低,施用生物炭1%土壤持水性最好,与对照相比,烤烟生育期总补水量显著降低59.5%,土壤含水量平均下降速度显著下降50.4%,水分利用效率显著提高32.3%。但施用生物炭导致烤烟最高减产37.9%。YB土壤持水性随着生物炭用量增加呈升高趋势,施用生物炭11%最好,相比对照,烤烟生育期总补水量显著降低41.3%,水分利用效率显著提高93.3%,产量无显著提高。随着生物炭用量增加,LR土壤持水性先增加后降低,施用生物炭4%效果最好,烤烟产量和水分利用效率分别较对照显著提高46.2%和68.8%。随着生物炭用量增加,PD和PE的土壤持水性及烤烟产量呈现先增加后降低趋势,施用生物炭7%效果最佳,与对照相比,烤烟产量分别显著提高17.0%和55.6%,总补水量分别显著降低40.3%和26.8%,土壤含水量平均下降速度分别显著降低37.4%和36.5%,水分利用效率分别显著提高94.4%和121.7%。烟秆生物炭对于云南典型植烟土壤的保水效果明显,其最佳施用量视土壤类型而异。
[Abstract]:In order to solve the problem of reducing the yield of flue-cured tobacco in Yunnan province caused by seasonal drought, a study on improving the water holding capacity of typical tobacco planting soil was carried out, which provided the basis for the popularization and application of biochar in tobacco production. Pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of different amounts of biochar on water holding capacity of yellow red soil (YRN), yellow brown soil (YBN), lateritic red soil (LRN), paddy soil (PDD) and purple soil (PEN). The results showed that the water holding capacity of five soils was significantly increased by applying biochar, and the primary watering period was 1 ~ 5 days longer than that of the control, and the effect on the yield of flue-cured tobacco varied with soil type. In the range of 11%, the water holding capacity of YR soil decreased with the increase of the amount of biochar, and the water holding capacity of the soil with 1% biochar was the best, compared with the control. During the growth period of flue-cured tobacco, the total water supplementation decreased significantly by 59.5%, the average rate of soil water content decreased significantly by 50.4%, and the water use efficiency (Wue) increased significantly by 32.3%. However, application of biochar resulted in the highest yield of 37.9%.YB soil water holding capacity increased with the increase of the amount of biochar, and the application of biochar 11% was the best, compared with the control. The total amount of water supplementation decreased significantly in the growing period of flue-cured tobacco, and the water use efficiency increased significantly, but the yield did not increase significantly. With the increase of the amount of biochar, the soil water holding capacity increased first and then decreased, and the effect of applying biochar 4% was the best. The yield and water use efficiency of flue-cured tobacco were significantly increased by 46.2% and 68.8%, respectively, compared with the control. The soil water holding capacity and flue-cured tobacco yield increased first and then decreased with the increase of biochar application, and the application of biochar 7% had the best effect compared with the control. The yield of flue-cured tobacco was increased by 17.0% and 55.6%, the total water supply decreased by 40.3% and 26.8respectively, the average decreasing rate of soil water content was significantly decreased by 37.4% and 36.5%, and the water use efficiency was increased by 94.4% and 121.7%, respectively. The effect of tobacco stalk biochar on water retention of typical tobacco growing soils in Yunnan was obvious, and the optimum application rate varied according to soil type.
【作者单位】：云南省烟草公司玉溪市公司;烟草行业病虫害生物防治工程研究中心;中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所;
【基金】：中国烟草总公司云南省公司科技计划项目(2013YN19) 云南省技术创新人才培养对象培养基金(2014HB098) 中国科协青年人才托举工程(No.2016QNRC001)
【分类号】：S152.7;S572

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