农业水价定价与生产用水补偿耦合模型研究

发布时间：2018-05-20 17:27

本文选题：农业水价 + 节水补偿　；参考：《西北农林科技大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：针对目前我国农业水价严重偏低,无法有效促进农业节水的情况,分析农业用水价格的提高对农业用水的影响,为合理制定水价提供依据。考虑到农业用水户的水价承受能力和国家粮食安全,提高农业用水价格的同时应辅以农业生产用水补偿,即结合政府补贴、水权转让费及虚拟水补偿费对灌区进行综合补偿。采用双层规划方法,以灌区管理单位收益和各用水户收益最大为模型的上、下层优化目标,建立双层优化模型。讨论农业用水价格改革和农业生产用水补偿对促进农业节水的可行性,利用罚函数法优化农业用水价格及与其相对应的补偿标准。在此基础上,以河套灌区2012年各部门用水数据和收益情况为例来检验农业水价定价与生产用水补偿耦合模型的应用效果。获得的主要结果如下:(1)合理提高农业用水价格有利于促进农业用水户自发节水。通过分析我国目前水资源压力和农业节水困境的原因,指出农业用水价格过低,往往会导致农业用水户节水意识淡薄,农业灌溉用水浪费严重。合理提高农业用水价格,农业用水户取水量随着农业用水价格的提高而减少,有利于促进农业节水。(2)综合考虑灌区节水各参与方利益,应对农业生产用水进行补偿。从农业用水户的利益角度分析了农业用水户节水积极性差的主要原因,单纯发展农业节水会出现“负效益”现象;从灌区管理单位角度来说,农业节水造成管理单位所收水费下降而不愿节水。提出在提高农业用水价格促进农业节水的情况下,应结合政府补贴、农业节水投入、水权转让费及虚拟水补偿费对灌区进行综合补偿。调节补偿分配的比例和额度,在有利于国家总体利益的情形下,实现灌区节水主体通过节水实现双方共赢的局面。(3)建立了农业水价定价和农业生产用水补偿的耦合模型。农业用水价格改革有利于促进灌区农业节水,但价格提高会提高农业生产成本,伤害农户利益威胁农业生产;采用补偿措施,能够在农户发展节水的情况下,不增加农户用水的成本,甚至可能出现节水后收入增加的情况。建立了农业水价定价和生产用水补偿耦合模型,模型中农业用水户和灌区管理单位共同作为受偿主体,通过农产品输出和水权转让获得收益。同时,灌区管理单位和农业用水户之间也存在博弈的过程,水权转让、虚拟水补偿和灌区节水投入均需要二者共同参与,投入和收益的分摊比例是二者博弈的主要内容。(4)河套灌区案例分析表明,优化后灌区管理单位、农业、工业和生活用水户收益均能得到一定提高。对河套灌区2012年各部门生产用水、作物产量、社会经济等方面进行优化。优化显示2012年河套灌区最优农业用水价格为0.65元/m3,农业节水量也就是水市场中水权交易量为1.2亿m3,转让给工业和生活用水户的水权转让价格为3.3元/m3,对农业用水户的节水补偿为4.65元/m3。优化后,灌区管理单位,农业、工业和生活用水户收益均得到提高,实现了社会整体利益的增加。
[Abstract]:In view of the serious low agricultural water price in our country, we can not effectively promote the agricultural water saving, analyze the influence of the increase of agricultural water price on the agricultural water use, and provide the basis for the rational water price. Considering the water price bearing capacity of the agricultural users and the national food security, the agricultural water price should be supplemented with agricultural production. Water compensation, that is, combined with government subsidy, water rights transfer fee and virtual water compensation fee to make comprehensive compensation for irrigation area, the double layer optimization model is established by using the double layer planning method, which takes the income of irrigation district management unit and the maximum income of each water user as the model, and establishes a double layer optimization model. A penalty function method is used to optimize the agricultural water price and its corresponding compensation standard. Based on this, the results of the coupling model of agricultural water price pricing and production water compensation are tested on this basis. The main results are as follows: (1) the main results are as follows: (1) the results are as follows: Raising the price of agricultural water use helps to promote the spontaneous water saving of agricultural water users. Through the analysis of the current water resources pressure and the reasons for the difficulties of agricultural water saving, it is pointed out that the low price of agricultural water use often leads to the weak water saving consciousness of the agricultural users and the serious waste of agricultural irrigation water. The water quantity decreases with the increase of agricultural water price and helps to promote the agricultural water saving. (2) considering the interests of all the participants in the irrigation area, we should compensate the water for agricultural production. From the angle of the agricultural water users, the main reasons for the poor enthusiasm of the agricultural water users are analyzed, and the "negative benefits" will appear in the simple development of agricultural water saving. From the point of view of the management unit of the irrigation district, the water saving of the management unit caused by the agricultural water saving is not willing to save water. In the case of raising the price of agricultural water to promote the agricultural water saving, it should be combined with the government subsidies, agricultural water saving investment, water rights transfer fee and virtual water compensation fee to make comprehensive compensation to the irrigation area. In the case of the overall interests of the country, in the case of the overall interests of the country, the water-saving main body of the irrigation area can realize the win-win situation of both sides through water saving. (3) the coupling model of agricultural water price pricing and agricultural production water compensation is established. The reform of agricultural water price is beneficial to the promotion of agricultural water saving in irrigation area, but the increase in price will increase the cost of agricultural production and injury. The farmers' interests threaten the agricultural production, and the compensation measures can not increase the cost of the farmers' water use and even increase the income after the water saving. The coupling model of the agricultural water price pricing and the production water compensation is established, and the agricultural water users and the irrigation district management units are paid together as compensation in the model. The main body, through the output of agricultural products and the transfer of water rights to obtain income. At the same time, there is a game between the irrigation district management unit and the agricultural water users. Water rights transfer, virtual water compensation and irrigation area water saving input are all two parties involved. The proportion of investment and income sharing is the main content of the two party game. (4) the case analysis of the Hetao Irrigation Area The optimized irrigation area management unit, agricultural, industrial and household income can be improved to a certain extent. The production water, crop yield and social economy in Hetao Irrigation Area in 2012 were optimized. The optimal agricultural water price in the Hetao Irrigation Area in 2012 was 0.65 yuan /m3, and the agricultural water saving amount was the water right in the water market. The easy amount is 120 million m3, the transfer price of water right transfer to industrial and living water users is 3.3 yuan /m3, and the water saving compensation for agricultural water users is 4.65 yuan /m3., the irrigation district management unit, agricultural, industrial and living water users' income are all improved, and the social overall interest is increased.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F323.213;F726

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