有机物料对紫色土磷的迁移转化及有效性影响

发布时间：2018-05-30 04:00

本文选题：有机物料 + 微生物生物量　；参考：《西南大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：由于磷肥资源的有限性,提高磷素的再循环利用变得越来越重要。有机物料含有丰富的磷,可缓解磷资源缺乏的问题。但长期大量或不合理施用有机物料易导致土壤磷素的积累,提高农田径流中的磷浓度,增加水体富营养化的风险。但有机物料种类众多,来源不一,磷的赋存形态差异很大。因此弄清楚有机肥料中磷的组分在土壤中的转化,对于提高有机物料中磷的利用率、降低磷素环境风险具有十分重要的意义。本研究分析了7种有机物料赋存的磷形态,在此基础上选取了4种有机物料进行室内培养和玉米盆栽试验,研究了不同紫色土中4种有机物料对土壤微生物量、磷矿化及作物有效性的影响,以期为合理选择和施用有机物料提供理论依据。(1)有机物料磷形态特征研究表明：不同有机物料中全磷及各形态总磷存在显著差异,以猪粪沼渣最高,牛粪沼渣最低。猪粪沼渣、牛粪沼渣、牛粪秸秆堆肥、污泥堆肥中各形态总磷(Pt)大小顺序为HCl-P残留态-PNaHCO3-PNaOH-PH2O-P,而3种农村生活污泥堆肥中各形态磷含量则为HCl-P残留态-PH2O-PNaHCO3-PNaOH-P。有机物料中的磷以无机态磷为主,且大部分磷更容易被HC1浸提剂提取,而这部分磷不易被植物吸收利用。经堆腐后的牛粪秸秆堆肥各形态无机磷占全磷比例较牛粪沼渣均有所增加,表明好氧堆肥有助于有机物料中磷的矿化,提高有机物料中磷的有效性。(2)室内土壤培养试验表明：施加有机物料可以显著增加土壤微生物量碳、氮、磷,以牛粪沼渣最为突出。施加有机物料可以增加土壤磷的矿化量,显著提高土壤中有效磷的含量,经好氧堆腐的牛粪秸秆堆肥和污泥堆肥大于两种沼肥。施肥处理土壤有机磷含量相比对照增加,但随时间的延长总体呈降低趋势,表明施加有机物料的土壤中的磷伴随矿化和固定的同时,主要是向着矿化的方向进行。(3)搞栽试验表明：施肥使土壤pH值下降,施加化肥土壤pH值降幅明显低于其它有机物料,有机物料使3种土壤有机质含量显著增加,以牛粪沼渣处理的增幅最大,猪粪沼渣最小,有机物料对土壤有机质的提升效果表现为：酸性紫色土石灰性紫色土中性紫色土。施肥处理土壤有效磷也显著增加,表明有机物料促进了土壤磷的有效性,好氧堆肥的有机物料比厌氧处理的沼肥对有效磷含量的增加更显著。结果表现为：化肥污泥堆肥牛粪秸秆堆肥猪粪沼渣牛粪沼渣。各施肥处理间的磷肥利用率呈显著性差异。牛粪秸秆堆肥和污泥堆肥的磷肥利用率明显优于沼肥。
[Abstract]:Due to the limitation of phosphorus fertilizer resources, it is more and more important to improve the recycling of phosphorus. Organic materials are rich in phosphorus, which can alleviate the problem of phosphorus shortage. However, a large amount or unreasonable application of organic materials for a long time can lead to the accumulation of phosphorus in soil, increase the concentration of phosphorus in runoff and increase the risk of eutrophication. However, there are many kinds of organic materials and different sources, and the occurrence forms of phosphorus are very different. Therefore, it is very important to find out the transformation of phosphorus in organic fertilizer in soil, which is very important to improve the utilization rate of phosphorus in organic fertilizer and reduce the environmental risk of phosphorus. The phosphorus forms of seven organic materials were analyzed in this paper. On the basis of this, four organic materials were selected for indoor culture and corn pot experiment, and the microbial biomass of four organic materials in different purple soil was studied. Phosphorus mineralization and crop availability, in order to provide theoretical basis for rational selection and application of organic materials, the study on phosphorus speciation characteristics of organic materials shows that there are significant differences in total phosphorus and total phosphorus forms in different organic materials. The pig dung biogas residue was the highest, and the cow dung biogas residue was the lowest. The order of total phosphorus in pig manure, cow manure compost and sludge compost was HCl-P residual state -PNaHCO3-PNaOH-PH2O-P, while the content of phosphorus in the three kinds of rural sludge composting was HCl-P residue -PH2O-PNaHCO3-PNaOH-PNaOH-P. Inorganic phosphorus is the main phosphorus in organic materials, and most of phosphorus is more easily extracted by HC1 extractant, but this part of phosphorus is not easy to be absorbed and utilized by plants. The proportion of inorganic phosphorus in the compost of cow dung straw compost was higher than that in cow dung biogas residue, which indicated that aerobic compost was helpful to the mineralization of phosphorus in organic matter. The indoor soil culture experiment showed that the application of organic materials could significantly increase soil microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus, especially cow dung biogas residue. The addition of organic materials can increase the amount of phosphorus mineralization in soil and increase the content of available phosphorus in soil significantly. The aerobic composting of cow dung straw and sludge compost is larger than that of two kinds of biogas fertilizer. Compared with the control, the soil organic phosphorus content increased with fertilization, but decreased with time, indicating that the phosphorus in the soil with organic materials was mineralized and fixed at the same time. The soil pH value was decreased by fertilization, the decrease of soil pH value by applying chemical fertilizer was lower than that of other organic materials, and the organic matter content of three kinds of soil was increased significantly by organic material. The increase of cattle manure biogas residue was the biggest, and the pig dung biogas residue was the least. The effect of organic material on soil organic matter was as follows: acid purple soil, calcareous purple soil, neutral purple soil. The soil available phosphorus increased significantly after fertilization, which indicated that organic materials promoted the availability of soil phosphorus, and the content of available phosphorus in aerobic compost was more significant than that in anaerobic biogas fertilizer. The results were as follows: fertilizer sludge compost cow manure straw compost pig manure biogas cow manure biogas. There were significant differences in P fertilizer use efficiency among different fertilization treatments. The utilization ratio of phosphorus fertilizer in cow manure straw compost and sludge compost was obviously better than that in biogas fertilizer.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S155.25

【参考文献】