基于GIS的吉林省耕地地力评价研究

发布时间：2018-05-30 23:18

本文选题：吉林省 + 地力评价　；参考：《吉林农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：耕地地力是反映耕地生产能力的一项重要指标,直接影响我省粮食安全、经济发展等。目前我省部分市县已对耕地做出评价,由于研究范围及区域的不同,其对耕地有影响的指标选取差异也很大,方法也不同,所以基于市县的评价结果汇总起来难度大且不科学。所以对我省耕地进行质量评价势在必行,可以对全省耕地有更深入、更准确得了解,为合理安排种植结构、科学施肥、培肥提供依据。本次研究数据来自2010年吉林省耕地地力评价数据,6169个耕地表层土壤采样点数据,并利用GIS技术将吉林省土壤图、土地利用现状图、行政区划图进行叠加,形成图斑作为评价单元。从气候条件、立地条件、剖面性状、理化性状、养分状况、土壤管理六大类中选取14个指标作为吉林省耕地质量的评价指标。使用现在较成熟的耕地地力评价方法:模糊数学理论、特尔菲法、层次分析法等相结合对吉林省耕地质量做出评价。并对我省养分数据进行插值,得到各养分分级图。评价结果显示:从吉林省耕地划分为九个等级,一~九等地面积所占比例分别为0.58%、3.41%、12.67%、14.73%、11.83%、15.02%、17.28%、20.02%和4.46%。一~三等地为高产田,主要分布在吉林省中部、长春和四平地区,土壤类型以黑土为主。四~六等地为中产田,主要分布在吉林省西部松辽平原区的白城和松原地区,土壤类型以黑钙土为主。七~九等为低产田,要分布在吉林省西部垄状沙丘覆盖的冲积平原区的白城与松原地区,及东部山地区的吉林、通化、白山、延边地区,土壤类型以风沙土和暗棕壤为主。并根据耕地等级相应提出针对性建议。有机质含量主要为三、四级,呈自东向西逐渐递减的趋势。东部最高平均值为41.22g/kg,中部次之为25.17 g/kg,西部最低为15.82 g/kg。全氮含量主要为二、三级,东、中、西三个生态区的全氮含量和氮密度由东到西依次降低,全氮含量为东部最高2.43g/kg,中部次之为1.46 g/kg,西部最低为1.13 g/kg,氮密度为0.611 kg/m2、0.354 kg/m2和0.307kg/m2。有效磷含量主要为三、四级,含量由东到西逐渐减少,东中西平均含量分别为29.87mg/kg,24.94mg/kg和21.56mg/kg。速效钾含量在二、三和四级,没有一、五和六级,东、中、西三个生态区的速效钾含量中部最高为128.05mg/kg,西部次之为125.31mg/kg,东部最低为125.10mg/kg。
[Abstract]:Cultivated land fertility is an important index to reflect the productive capacity of cultivated land, which directly affects the food security and economic development of our province. At present, some cities and counties in our province have made an evaluation of cultivated land. Because of the difference of research scope and region, the selection of indexes affecting cultivated land is also very different, and the methods are also different, so it is difficult and unscientific to sum up the evaluation results based on city and county. Therefore, it is imperative to evaluate the quality of cultivated land in our province, which can have a deeper and more accurate understanding of cultivated land in the province, and provide the basis for rational arrangement of planting structure, scientific fertilization and fertilization. The data of this study come from the evaluation data of cultivated land fertility in Jilin Province in 2010, and the data of 6169 surface soil sampling points of cultivated land. The soil map of Jilin Province, the map of land use status, and the map of administrative division are superimposed by using GIS technology. Form a pattern as an evaluation unit. According to climate condition, site condition, profile character, physical and chemical character, nutrient condition and soil management, 14 indexes were selected as evaluation index of cultivated land quality in Jilin province. The cultivated land quality in Jilin Province was evaluated by using the methods of fuzzy mathematics, Delphi and AHP. And the nutrient data of our province were interpolated to obtain the nutrient classification map. The evaluation results show that the proportion of farmland in Jilin Province is divided into nine grades, the proportion of land area of the first to ninth grade is 0.58 and the proportion is 3.41 and 12.67, and 14.733.83 and 15.02%, 20.02% and 4.46%, respectively. The first to third class land is a high-yielding field, mainly distributed in the middle of Jilin Province, Changchun and Siping areas. The soil type is mainly black soil. The fourth to sixth are middle yield fields, mainly distributed in Baicheng and Songyuan areas of Songliao Plain in the west of Jilin Province. The soil types are mainly calcareous soil. Seven to nine are low yield fields, which are distributed in Baicheng and Songyuan areas of alluvial plain area covered by ridge sand dunes in western Jilin Province, and Jilin, Tonghua, Baishan and Yanbian areas in eastern mountain area. The soil types are mainly windy sand soil and dark brown soil. According to the grade of cultivated land, the corresponding suggestions are put forward. The content of organic matter is mainly three and four, and the content of organic matter decreases gradually from east to west. The highest average value in the east was 41.22 g / kg, the second in the middle was 25.17 g / kg, and the lowest in the west was 15.82 g / kg. The total nitrogen content and nitrogen density decreased from east to west in order of two, three, east, middle and west ecological regions. The highest total nitrogen content was 2.43 g / kg in the east, the second was 1.46 g / kg in the middle, the lowest was 1.13 g / kg in the west, the nitrogen density was 0.611 kg / m ~ (2) 0.354 kg/m2 and 0.307 kg 路m ~ (2) 路m ~ (2). The content of available phosphorus was mainly three and four, and the content of available phosphorus decreased gradually from east to west. The average content of available phosphorus in east and west was 29.87 mg / kg, 24.94 mg / kg and 21.56 mg / kg, respectively. The content of available potassium in the second, third and fourth stages was not in the first, fifth and sixth grade, east, middle and west ecological regions, the highest available potassium content was 128.05 mg / kg in the middle, 125.31 mg / kg in the west, and the lowest in the east was 125.10 mg / kg 路kg ~ (-1).
【学位授予单位】：吉林农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S158

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