黄土区沟道阶梯状边坡水土流失防治措施与机理

发布时间：2018-06-10 13:31

本文选题：黄土陡坡 + 土壤侵蚀　；参考：《水土保持研究》2017年03期

【摘要】：陕北地区治沟造地工程中新修沟道阶梯状边坡抗蚀性较弱。研究利用室内人工模拟降雨试验,研究新开挖沟道阶梯状边坡在降雨作用下不同水土保持措施的水沙效应,并观测其侵蚀发育过程。结果表明:极端气象条件(120mm/h雨强)与坡顶部区域汇水作用是导致阶梯状边坡产生快速侵蚀破坏的两个主要条件。当边坡仅受到降雨作用,雨强在60mm/h~90mm/h之间变化时,产沙速率稳定,不同雨强下产沙速率呈现倍率关系,坡面侵蚀现象无明显差异,坡体无明显破坏;120mm/h雨强条件下,产沙速率显著上升,侵蚀发育过程出现明显变化,坡体破坏明显。阶梯状边坡平台反坡措施能有效减少60mm/h,90mm/h,120mm/h三种雨强下产沙量58.4%,35.2%,62.1%,减少径流量69.6%,26.6%,60.8%,并有效减缓坡体表面破坏及侵蚀发育速度。用放水试验模拟无截排水措施情况,发现截排水措施能够有效降低产沙量92.7%,同时改变了侵蚀发育的现象,将急剧下切发育的细沟侵蚀转变为了发育较为缓慢的层状面蚀。从减水减沙的角度,坡顶截排水措施与平台反坡措施皆为有效的阶梯状边坡水土流失防治措施。
[Abstract]:The water and sand effects of different soil and water conservation measures in the new trench ladder slope under rainfall are studied by artificial simulated rainfall experiments in the north of Shaanxi Province. The results show that the extreme weather conditions (120mm/h rain intensity) and the top of the slope have been observed. The regional confluence of the region is the two main condition that leads to the rapid erosion and destruction of the staircase slope. When the slope is only affected by rainfall, the rate of sediment yield is stable when the rain intensity is changed between 60mm/h~90mm/h, and the rate of sediment yield at different rainfall intensity shows a multiplex relationship. There is no obvious difference between the slope erosion and the slope body, and the 120mm/h rain intensity strip is not obvious. At the same time, the rate of sediment yield increased significantly, the erosion development process was obviously changed, and the slope body was destroyed obviously. The steps of the step slope platform can effectively reduce the sediment yield of 60mm/h, 90mm/h and 120mm/h under three kinds of rain intensity, 58.4%, 35.2%, 62.1%, reducing the runoff rate 69.6%, 26.6%, 60.8%, and effectively slowing down the surface damage and erosion development speed of the slope. It is found that the cut and drainage measures can effectively reduce the low sediment yield by 92.7%, and change the phenomenon of erosion development, and change the drastic rill erosion to slow development of layered erosion. From the angle of water reduction and sediment reduction, the measures of the drainage and drainage of the top of the slope are all effective steps. Prevention and control measures of soil and water loss in slope.
【作者单位】：西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室;中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所;
【基金】：陕西省科技统筹创新工程计划(2013KTDZ03-03-01) 国家科技支撑计划项目(2015BAC01B03-03) 中国科学院“西部之光”人才培养计划(人字(2014)91号) 西北农林科技大学博士科研启动基金(2013BSJJ082)
【分类号】：S157.1

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