东北黑土区设施农业土壤中酞酸酯时空分布特征

发布时间：2018-06-14 00:51

本文选题：酞酸酯 + 设施农业　；参考：《东北农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：酞酸酯(Phthalateesters,PAEs)化合物作为塑料增塑剂,普遍用于聚烯烃类塑料的生产当中,伴随着工业的发展及塑料薄膜的普遍农用化,塑料制品在设施农业生产中得到了广泛应用,由此带来的环境问题已不容忽视。本研究以东北黑土区设施农业土壤为研究对象,对研究区内不同季节(春、夏、秋)和不同剖面(0-20cm、20-40cm、40-60cm)的土壤样品中15种PAEs进行检测分析。主要研究结果如下:(1)研究区土表PAEs随季节分布特征①15种PAEs在东北黑土区设施农业土表中的检出率100%,PAEs作为持久性有机污染物在东北设施农业黑土中已随处可见。②研究区所有的土表样品中,检测到邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基)己酯(DEHP),邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP),邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP),邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)含量均最高,平均含量分别为1.12±0.22、0.46±0.05、0.36±0.04和0.17±0.01mg/kg。在春、夏和秋三个季节中4种PAEs含量之和占总含量的比例范围为64.08-90.51%,因此将DEHP、DMP、DEP、DBP确定为优先控制污染物。③15种PAEs总量(S15PAEs)在季节之间存在显著差异,含量变化范围为1.37~4.90 mg/kg,其中夏季含量最高,S15PAEs随着季节的变化呈现出先升高后降低的分布特征。(2)研究区土壤剖面PAEs分布特征①研究区各土壤剖面中15种PAEs检出率存在差异,在0-20cm剖面15种PAEs的检出率均为100%,但在20-40、40-60cm剖面仅分别有5种和1种PAEs的检出率为100%。②烷基链较长、分子量较大的PAEs均呈现出较弱的迁移性,从0-20cm剖面到40-60cm剖面,不仅含量大幅降低,占S15PAEs的百分比也降低;烷基链较短、分子量较小的PAEs则呈现出相对较强的迁移性,从0-20cm剖面到40-60cm剖面,含量虽然降低,但降低幅度较小,且占S15PAEs的百分比有所增加。③研究区土壤PAEs主要集中在0-20cm剖面,S15PAEs随着土层深度的增加,呈现大幅降低的趋势。(3)研究区土壤PAEs分布特征与土壤理化指标的相关性对S15PAEs和土壤理化指标进行相关性分析,结果表明S15PAEs的时空分布特征与土壤有机质含量具有显著相关性,而与土壤p H、孔隙度及含水率均表现出弱相关性。(4)研究区土壤中微生物多样性的变化春夏秋三个季节中,土壤微生物丰富度指数(R)、Shannon-Wiener指数(H)和均匀度指数(E)从0-20 cm剖面到40-60 cm剖面均呈现出逐渐降低的趋势,且三个指数在同一剖面进行比较均夏季最高,春秋两季相差不大。通过对DGGE凝胶上20个主要条带进行切胶回收,经克隆、测序及同源性比较,鉴定结果证明研究区土壤细菌表现出丰富的多样性,其中放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes),变形菌门(Proteobacteria)为优势菌群,研究区不同季节及不同剖面土壤的优势菌群虽相似,但微生物群落结构存在差异。
[Abstract]:As plastic plasticizers, phthalate ester phthalate (Pas) compounds are widely used in the production of polyolefin plastics. With the development of industry and the widespread agricultural production of plastic film, plastic products have been widely used in facility agriculture production. The resulting environmental problems cannot be ignored. In this study, 15 PAEs in soil samples from different seasons (spring, summer, autumn) and different profiles (0-20 cm ~ 20 cm ~ 40 cm ~ 60 cm) were detected and analyzed. The main results are as follows: (1) the characteristics of PAEs in soil surface with seasonal distribution in the study area. The detection rate of 115 kinds of PAEs in the agricultural soil table of the northeast black soil area was 100%. As a persistent organic pollutant, PAEs were found everywhere in the black soil of the northeast protected agriculture. (2) of all the soil surface samples in the study area, The highest content of DEHPN, dibutyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate and dimethyl phthalate DMPwere detected, and the average contents were 1.12 卤0.22c0.46 卤0.050.36 卤0.04 and 0.17 卤0.01mg / kg, respectively. In spring, summer and autumn, the ratio of the total contents of four PAEs to the total contents was 64.08-90.51.Therefore, the DBP of DEHPX DMPP was determined as the priority to control pollutant .315 kinds of PAEs, and the total amount of PAEs (S15PAEs) was significantly different between seasons. The content of PAEs varied from 1.37 to 4.90 mg / kg, and the highest content of S15PAEs in summer showed a distribution characteristic of first rising and then decreasing with seasonal variation.) the PAEs distribution characteristics of soil profile in the study area 1 the detectable rate of 15 kinds of PAEs in each soil profile of the study area were different. The detectable rates of all 15 kinds of PAEs were 100 in 0-20cm profile, but only 5 and 1 in 20-4040 ~ 60cm profile were found to be 100.2 alkyl chain longer and higher molecular weight, all of them showed weaker migration, from 0-20cm profile to 40-60cm profile. Not only the content of PAEs decreased significantly, but the percentage of S15 PAEs also decreased, while the alkyl chain was shorter and the molecular weight of PAEs with small molecular weight showed a relatively strong migration. From 0-20cm profile to 40-60cm profile, the content of PAEs decreased, but the decrease was relatively small. The percentage of soil PAEs in S15 PAEs increased. 3. The concentration of soil PAEs in 0-20cm profile increased with the increase of soil depth. The correlation between soil PAEs distribution characteristics and soil physical and chemical indexes was analyzed. The results showed that the spatial and temporal distribution of S15PAEs was significantly correlated with soil organic matter content. There was a weak correlation between soil pH, porosity and moisture content.) the variation of soil microbial diversity in spring, summer and autumn was observed in the three seasons of spring, summer and autumn. The soil microorganism richness index and evenness index (H) and evenness index (E) decreased gradually from 0-20 cm profile to 40-60 cm profile, and the three indexes were the highest in summer, and the difference between spring and autumn was not significant. 20 main bands of DGGE gel were recovered by gel cutting, cloned, sequenced and homologous compared. The results showed that the soil bacteria in the study area showed rich diversity. Actinobacteriae, Firmicutesa and Proteobacteria) were the dominant flora. Although the dominant flora of soil in different seasons and different sections of the study area were similar, the microbial community structure was different.
【学位授予单位】：东北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S151.9;S316

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