安徽岳西常绿阔叶林带四种群落类型土壤养分、微生物量与酶活性分布特征研究

发布时间：2018-06-18 23:45

本文选题：群落类型 + 土壤养分　；参考：《华东师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：土壤作为森林的载体,具有固定和支持的作用,研究其养分状况以及生物活性指标特征,对于推测森林土壤的肥力特征以及健康状况都有积极的意义。本研究以安徽岳西常绿阔叶林带内的常绿阔叶林及其衍生群落为对象,研究四种群落类型的土壤理化性质、微生物量以及土壤酶活性特征,揭示其土壤剖面分布规律及季节动态特征,比较了不同群落类型问的差异,阐述了土壤养分与土壤生物活性指标的关系,为制定提高植被生产力与保持土壤肥力的措施提供理论依据。主要研究结果如下：(1)不同群落类型土壤理化性质、微生物量和酶活性的差异土壤pH值在四种群落类型中0-40 cm土层变化范围是4.57～5.81,均属酸性土壤,含水率在0-40 cm土壤中的波动范围则是25.75～28.73%。常绿阔叶林土壤有机质、全碳、全氮、硝态氮含量最高,针阔混交林和杉木林相对偏低,但杉木林土壤中的全钾(12.05～25.51 g/kg)、速效钾(66.48～135.58 mg/kg)含量高于其他林型,突出的是土壤中铵态氮、速效磷含量均以毛竹林最高；微生物量碳在针阔混交林中较高,而微生物量氮在毛竹林中较高,常绿阔叶林的土壤微生物量都要高于杉木林；酶活性(脲酶、蔗糖酶、酸性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶)则表现为在阔叶林中高于针叶林。(2)不同深度土壤理化性质、微生物量和酶活性的差异在四种群落类型中,随着土层深度的增加,pH值与含水率显著增大,土壤养分、微生物量以及酶活性均有显著下降的趋势(酸性磷酸酶、土壤全钾除外)。(3)土壤养分、微生物量和酶活性的季节动态四种群落土壤有机质、全碳、全氮、全磷、全钾在0-40 cm层的含量变化范围分别为7.11～56.45 g/kg、1.23～6.67 g/kg、0.52～2.69 g/kg、0.02～0.43 g/kg、2.68～25.71 g/kg,铵态氮、硝态氮、速效磷、速效钾含量则分别介于2.53～50.73 mg/kg、0.25～8.23 mg/kg、4.11～17.20 mg/kg、45.11～135.58 mg/kg之间,养分总体上在夏、秋季高于春、冬季。在生物活性指标方面：微生物量碳、氮、磷含量在四种植被土壤0-40 cm层的变化范围分别为 86.97～909.57 mg/kg、14.35～202.15 mg/kg、11.99～92.56 mg/kg;土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、酸性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶的活性在0-40 cm层的范围则是0.16～0.98 mg/g～24h、6.13～32.86 mg/g·24h、0.09～0.73 mg/g·2h、1.05～1.95 ml/g·20min,微生物量和酶活性的季节动态与养分含量的季节波动规律类似,说明土壤生物活性指标在改良土壤养分方面作用显著,与土壤养分联系紧密,相互影响,共同决定土壤肥力。
[Abstract]:Soil, as a carrier of forest, has a fixed and supportive role. The study of its nutrient status and the characteristics of biological activity index has positive significance to speculate on the fertility characteristics and health status of the forest soil. This study was based on the Chang Lvkuo leaf forest and its derived community in the evergreen broad-leaved forest of Yuexi, Anhui, and studied four species of communities. The characteristics of soil physical and chemical properties, microbial biomass and soil enzyme activity, reveal the distribution and seasonal dynamic characteristics of soil profiles, compare the differences in different types of community types, and explain the relationship between soil nutrients and soil bioactivity indicators, and provide a theoretical basis for the formulation of measures to improve the productivity of vegetation and maintain soil fertility. The main results are as follows: (1) the difference in soil physical and chemical properties, microbial biomass and enzyme activity of different community types in soil pH values of 0-40 cm soil layers in four types of communities is 4.57 ~ 5.81, all belong to acid soil, and the fluctuation range of water content in 0-40 cm soil is from 25.75 to 28.73%. evergreen broad-leaved forest soil organic matter, total carbon, The content of total nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen is the highest, and the mixed forest and Cunninghamia lanceolata are relatively low, but the total potassium (12.05 ~ 25.51 g/kg) and the available potassium (66.48 ~ 135.58 mg/kg) in the soil of the Chinese fir forest are higher than that of the other forest types, and the ammonium nitrogen in the soil is prominent, the content of available phosphorus is the highest in the bamboo forest, and the microbial biomass carbon is higher in the mixed forest of the coniferous and broad-leaved forests, and the microbiological content is a little. The soil microbial biomass of the evergreen broad-leaved forest is higher than that of the Chinese fir forest, and the enzyme activity (urease, sucrase, acid phosphatase, catalase) is higher than the coniferous forest in the broad-leaved forest. (2) the differences in soil physical and chemical properties, microbial biomass and enzyme activity in different depths are among the four types of community, with the soil layer. In depth, pH value and water content increased significantly, soil nutrients, microbial biomass and enzyme activity decreased significantly (acid phosphatase, except soil total potassium). (3) soil nutrients, microbial biomass and enzyme activity in the seasonal dynamic four species of soil organic matter, total carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium content in the 0-40 cm layer content variation range Not 7.11 to 56.45 g/kg, 1.23 to 6.67 g/kg, 0.52 to 2.69 g/kg, 0.02 to 0.43 g/kg, 2.68 to 25.71 g/kg, ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium, respectively, between 2.53 to 50.73, 0.25 ~ 8.23 mg/kg, mg/kg, and mg/kg in summer, autumn higher than spring, winter. In winter. Standard: the range of microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in soil 0-40 cm layer were 86.97 ~ 909.57 mg/kg, 14.35 ~ 202.15 mg/kg, 11.99 to 92.56 mg/kg, soil urease, sucrase, acid phosphatase, catalase activity in the 0-40 cm layer range of 0.16 ~ 0.98 mg/g ~ 24h, 6.13 ~ 32.86 mg/g. 24h, 0 The seasonal fluctuation of the seasonal dynamics of microbial biomass and enzyme activity was similar to that of nutrient content from 9 to 0.73 mg/g. 2H and 1.05 to 1.95 ml/g. 20min, which indicated that the soil biological activity index played a significant role in improving soil nutrients, and the soil nutrients were closely related to each other, and the soil fertility was determined together.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S714

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