堆肥与堆肥浸提液协同作用研究

发布时间：2018-06-23 08:31

本文选题：堆肥 + 堆肥浸提液　；参考：《山东农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：为了进一步探讨如何更好地利用堆肥与堆肥浸提液,为堆肥及其浸提液在蔬菜生产中应用提供理论依据,本论文研究了不同堆肥与堆肥浸提液对白菜栽培中土壤养分变化、白菜酶活性变化以及收获期品质影响,不同用量堆肥及堆肥浸提液对西红柿果实品质的影响,以及堆肥浸提残渣在孔雀草栽培上的应用。主要研究结果如下:1不同堆肥均可以显著提高土壤中养分含量,鸡粪堆肥(A3)对提高土壤中全氮、速效磷含量效果最显著,秸秆堆肥(A5)提高土壤中速效钾、有机质含量效果最显著;浇灌堆肥浸提液可以显著提高土壤中全氮、速效钾含量。施用堆肥与浇灌堆肥浸提液可以提高白菜酶活性。施用堆肥与施用化肥相比可以降低白菜硝酸盐含量,秸秆堆肥效果最佳,浇灌堆肥浸提液可以降低白菜硝酸盐含量。不同堆肥对白菜单株重影响不同,A4单株重2.92kg显著高于其他处理。浇灌堆肥浸提液会提高白菜单株重,不施堆肥情况下浇灌浸提液比对照单株重提高了16.74%。2堆肥处理会提高西红柿中可溶性糖含量,提高果实中VC含量,提高西红柿番茄红素含量,提高西红柿口感,施用堆肥会降低果实中硝酸盐含量,施用过量堆肥会提高果实中硝酸盐含量,堆肥施用量为4kg/m~2效果最佳。3浇灌堆肥浸提液可以显著提高果实中可溶性糖、番茄红素含量、果实中VC含量,提高西红柿口感,降低果实中硝酸盐含量。堆肥浸提液浇灌量为2kg/m~2时提高西红柿果实品质的效果最为显著。4在土壤中添加堆肥浸提残渣会显著降低土壤容重,当土壤与堆肥残渣体积比1:2(D2)与不施加堆肥浸提残渣(CK)相比降低了100%。在土壤中添加堆肥浸提残渣后,土壤中全氮、有效磷、速效钾含量与CK相比显著增加,D2对全氮、有效磷、速效钾含量的提升效果最显著,其次为土壤与堆肥浸提残渣体积比为1:1(D1)。在土壤中添加堆肥浸提残较CK会显著增加孔雀草地上部钾素积累量,土壤与堆肥浸提残渣体积比为2:1(D3)地上部钾素积累量最高。在土壤中添加堆肥浸提残均能够显著提高孔雀草开花量,土壤与堆肥残渣比例以2:1效果最好,添加过量反而会减少开花数量。
[Abstract]:In order to further explore how to make better use of compost and compost extract to provide theoretical basis for the application of compost and its extract in vegetable production, this paper studied the changes of soil nutrients in Chinese cabbage cultivated by different compost and compost extracts. The effects of different compost and compost extract on the fruit quality of tomato, and the application of compost residue in the cultivation of peacock grass. The main results were as follows: (1) different composts could significantly increase soil nutrient content, chicken manure compost (A3) had the most significant effect on increasing total nitrogen and available phosphorus content, straw compost (A5) could increase available potassium in soil, and chicken manure compost (A3) could increase soil total nitrogen and phosphorus content. The content of organic matter was the most significant, and the content of total nitrogen and available potassium in soil could be significantly increased by pouring compost extract. The enzyme activity of cabbage could be improved by applying compost and pouring compost extract. Compared with the application of chemical fertilizer, the nitrate content of Chinese cabbage can be reduced by applying compost, the effect of straw composting is the best, and the nitrate content of Chinese cabbage can be reduced by the extract of irrigated compost. The effect of different compost on single plant weight of Chinese cabbage was significantly higher than that of other treatments. The single plant weight of Chinese cabbage was increased by pouring compost extract, and the soluble sugar content, VC content and lycopene content in tomato were increased by 16.74.2% compost treatment without composting. The content of nitrate in fruit could be decreased by applying compost and the content of nitrate in fruit could be increased by applying excessive compost. The content of soluble sugar in fruit could be increased significantly when the amount of compost applied was the best for 4kg/m~2. 3. The extract of compost could increase the content of soluble sugar in fruit. The content of lycopene and the content of VC in fruit can improve the taste of tomato and decrease the content of nitrate in fruit. The effect of increasing tomato fruit quality by pouring 2 kg / m ~ 2 of compost extract solution was the most significant. 4. Adding compost extract residue to soil could significantly reduce soil bulk density. When the volume ratio of soil to compost residue was 1:2 (D2) and no compost extraction residue (CK) was applied, the ratio of soil to compost residue decreased by 100%. The contents of total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in the soil increased significantly compared with CK after adding compost to extract residue. The promotion effect of D 2 on total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium was the most significant, followed by the volume ratio of soil to residue extracted from compost was 1:1 (D1). The accumulation of potassium in the upper part of the peacock grassland was significantly increased by adding compost residue to the soil, and the highest potassium accumulation was found in the aboveground part of the peafowl grassland at the volume ratio of 2:1 (D3). The addition of compost to the soil can significantly increase the flowering amount of Peacock grass, and the ratio of soil to compost residue is the best at 2:1, but the amount of flowering will be reduced by adding excessive amount of compost.
【学位授予单位】：山东农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S141.4

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