畜禽源氨气排放因子估算方法研究

发布时间：2018-06-23 08:41

本文选题：畜禽养殖 + 中国　；参考：《环境科学学报》2017年08期

【摘要】：畜禽养殖过程中产生的氨气(NH_3)在人为源NH_3排放中所占的比重较大,对二次气溶胶的形成起重要作用.由于我国畜禽饲养品种多样,各地气候条件和饲养规模存在较大差异,且影响NH_3排放的因素复杂多变,因此,获得准确的畜禽NH_3排放因子较为困难.本文以山西省太原市及其周边地区典型猪场、鸡场、牛场、羊场为实验场所,以杜洛克猪与长白猪的杂交猪、海兰褐蛋鸡、白羽肉鸡、杜泊羊与晋中绵羊的杂交羊、中国黑白花奶牛、金色阿奎丹与西门塔尔杂交肉牛为研究对象,通过3种方法估算它们的NH_3排放因子.结果表明:基于日粮成分和氮代谢沉积率的粗蛋白估算法过程简单、计算便捷、适合所有种类的畜禽,但未考虑NH_3挥发过程中的吸收转化及施肥利用,因而误差较大;基于排泄物含氮率和NH_3挥发率的物质流法涉及粪肥管理的不同阶段,全面考虑了NH_3产生、损失的全过程,与实际情况接近,但参数较多、周期较长、计算过程复杂;基于畜禽舍内NH_3浓度的直接测量法数据来源可靠、参数少,但只能用于相对封闭的环境,不适合牛场和羊场等敞开或半敞开的圈舍,且该方法没有考虑粪尿离开畜禽舍以后的储藏、还田过程,计算结果偏小.通过3种方法的互相印证和比对,猪、奶牛、肉牛、羊、蛋鸡、肉鸡6种实验动物的NH_3排放因子分别为6.90、36.53、22.99、3.94、0.54、0.46 kg·头(只)~(-1)·a~(-1).本研究可以为我国畜禽源NH_3排放因子的本地化测定提供一定的参考,并为准确估算畜禽NH_3排放量、做好农业源NH_3排放清单编制和污染防治工作提供参考.
[Abstract]:Ammonia gas (NH _ 3) produced in livestock and poultry breeding process accounts for a large proportion of the anthropogenic NH _ 3 emission, which plays an important role in the formation of secondary aerosol. Because there are many kinds of livestock and poultry in our country, there are great differences in climate conditions and breeding scale, and the factors affecting NH3 emission are complex and changeable, so it is difficult to obtain accurate NH3 emission factors of livestock and poultry. In this paper, the typical pig farm, chicken farm, cattle farm and sheep farm in Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province were used as the experimental sites. The crossbred pigs of Duroc pig and Landrace pig, Hailan brown layer hens, white feather broiler, du Bo sheep and Jinzhong sheep were used as experimental sites. The NH _ 3 emission factors of Chinese black and white dairy cows and golden Arquidan and Simmental crossbred beef cattle were estimated by three methods. The results showed that the crude protein estimation method based on dietary composition and nitrogen metabolic deposition rate was simple, convenient and suitable for all kinds of livestock and poultry, but the absorption, transformation and fertilization utilization of NH3 volatilization were not taken into account, so the error was large. The material flow method based on nitrogen content and NH _ 3 volatilization rate of excreta involves different stages of manure management. The whole process of NH _ 3 production and loss is considered comprehensively, which is close to the actual situation, but the parameters are more, the period is longer, and the calculation process is complicated. The direct measurement method based on NH3 concentration in livestock and poultry houses has reliable sources and few parameters, but can only be used in relatively closed environment. It is not suitable for open or semi-open sheds such as cattle farms and sheep farms. The method does not consider the storage of feces and urine after leaving the livestock and poultry house, and the calculation results are small. The NH3 emission factors of pig, cow, beef cattle, sheep, laying hens and broilers were 6.90 / 36.530.99 / 3.94 / 0.94 / 0.46 kg / kg (only) a ~ (-1), respectively. This study can provide a reference for the localization determination of NH3 emission factors in livestock and poultry sources in China, and for the accurate estimation of NH3 emissions from livestock and poultry, and for the compilation of NH3 emission inventories and pollution control work for agricultural sources.
【作者单位】：山西大学环境科学研究所;山西大学环境与资源学院;太原市尖草坪区动物卫生监督所;仁荷大学化学系;
【基金】：环保部公益项目(No.201309009) 山西省自然科学基金(No.201601D102055) 山西省回国留学人员科研项目(No.2013-012) 山西省百人计划项目(第六批)~~
【分类号】：X713

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