退化草牧场防护林土壤腐殖质碳组分特征及酶活性

发布时间：2018-08-04 21:14

【摘要】：[目的]探讨不同防护林结构的配置、不同林龄草牧场防护林对土壤腐殖质碳组分特征和酶活性的影响及其两者的关系,寻找最佳草牧场防护林结构的配置方式。[方法]采用对比分析的方法,对草牧场防护林和无林草牧场(对照)土壤腐殖质碳组分特征和土壤酶活性进行了研究。[结果]林龄为15年距林带0 m处,网格状草牧场防护林的胡敏酸和富里酸总碳量、胡敏酸碳组分、富里酸碳组分和胡敏素的含量以及过氧化氢酶、多酚氧化酶、脲酶、蛋白酶、磷酸酶的活性等测定指标均分别比对照显著提高70.26%、120.97%、73.76%、139.84%、51.80%、85.00%、42.17%、94.65%、53.77%、49.81%;与带状、疏林状草牧场防护林相比,网格状草牧场防护林除土壤有机质、富里酸碳组分、胡敏素、蔗糖酶、蛋白酶、磷酸酶的差异不显著外,以上10个测定指标中的其余指标差异均显著。对于网格状草牧场防护林,土壤富里酸碳组分、胡敏素、多酚氧化酶、脲酶等测定指标在林龄为1~5年时随其增大而增加,5~15年缓慢降低,15年后下降速度增大;距离林带50 m处土壤有机质含量、胡敏素、多酚氧化酶活性高于距离防护林0 m和100 m,且100 m处较0 m处低,其它测定指标基本上随距离林带距离的增加而减小。距离防护林带100 m处时,部分指标与对照差异不显著,土壤改良效益基本消失。胡敏酸和富里酸总碳量与过氧化氢酶、多酚氧化酶、脲酶、磷酸酶呈极显著正相关,胡敏酸与蛋白酶呈极显著正相关;富里酸与过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶、脲酶、磷酸酶呈极显著正相关;胡敏素与蔗糖酶呈显著负相关。[结论]林龄为5年的网格状防护林土壤富里酸碳组分、胡敏素、多酚氧化酶和脲酶活性等最佳;对防护林及其多数土壤腐殖质碳组分和酶活性升高的分析表明,网格状防护林的带间距应小于200 m。
[Abstract]:[objective] to explore the configuration of different shelterbelt structures, the effects of shelterbelts of different ages on soil humus carbon composition and enzyme activity, and the relationship between them, and to find out the best allocation mode of shelterbelt structure. [methods] the characteristics of soil humus carbon components and soil enzyme activity in shelterbelt and non-forest pasture (control) were studied by means of comparative analysis. [results] the total carbon content of Hu Min acid and fulvic acid, the content of Hu Min acid carbon component, the content of fulvic acid carbon component and humin, catalase, polyphenol oxidase, urease in the shelterbelt of grid grass pasture for 15 years from 0 m away from the forest belt, and the total carbon content of Hu Min acid and fulvic acid, and the content of humin, catalase, polyphenol oxidase, urease, etc. Compared with the control, the activity of protease and phosphatase were significantly increased by 70.266.97 and 73.760.139.840.51.800.8055.00mg / 42.170.455.650.Compared with the zonal, thinly forested pasture shelter forest, the grid grass pasture shelter forest removed soil organic matter, carbohydrate rich components, humin, sucrase, protease, hydrolysate, sucrase, protease, soil organic matter, humin, sucrase, protease, etc. The difference of phosphatase was not significant, but the other indexes of the above 10 indexes were all significant. For the shelterbelt with grid grass pasture, the contents of soil fulvic acid carbon, humin, polyphenol oxidase and urease increased with the increase of forest age from 1 to 5 years and decreased slowly for 5 ~ 15 years, and the decreasing rate increased after 15 years. The activities of soil organic matter, humin and polyphenol oxidase in 50m distance forest belt were higher than those in shelter forest (0 m and 100 m), and at 100 m were lower than that at 0 m. The other indexes decreased with the increase of distance between forest belt and forest belt. At 100 m from the shelterbelt, there was no significant difference between some indexes and the control, and the benefit of soil improvement basically disappeared. The total carbon content of Hu Min acid and fulvic acid was significantly positively correlated with catalase, polyphenol oxidase, urease, phosphatase, Hu Min acid and protease, while fulvic acid was positively correlated with catalase, sucrase, urease. The correlation between phosphatase and sucrase was extremely significant and negative correlation was found between humin and sucrase. [conclusion] the carbon fractions of fulvic acid, humin, polyphenol oxidase and urease activity in the soil of the shelterbelt with 5 years old were the best, and the analysis of the increase of the carbon component and enzyme activity of humus in the shelterbelt and most of the soil showed that, The spacing of the grid shelterbelt should be less than 200 m.
【作者单位】：东北林业大学;内蒙古林业科学研究院生态功能与森林碳汇研究所;黑龙江省有色金属地质勘查研究总院;
【基金】：国家林业局科技成果推广项目(2012-45) 科技部农业科技成果转化资金项目(2011GB23600010)
【分类号】：S714

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