农安县耕地质量评价和有机碳储量预估研究
发布时间：2018-08-23 14:01
【摘要】：耕地质量分等定级与评价是实现将耕地数量、质量以及分布进行科学的量化,努力实现耕地的科学、合理、依法和统一管理,并实现土地管理向数量、质量、生态相协调管理,从而达到科学利用的目的。农田耕地分等定级是以海量数据为基础,其中包括行政区域图、土地利用现状图、土壤图、水文地质地貌图、农田环境和产量分布图等数据,并根据分等评价的目标要求进行若干类别的分区、设计土壤剖面点(固定点)和农田属性监测点(动态点)及采样分析等过程,特别是农田土壤有机质的垂直分布与密度、储量是质量评价的重要属性之一。这些数据要经过GIS数据标准化并转成矢量图和栅格图数据,进行非常繁琐的各种分析最后实现分等与质量评价目标。本文以农用地分等定级理论为基础,基于Arc Engine开发平台,利用Visual Basic.NET语言方法,集合农用地分等定级规程,开发设计了农安县耕地质量定级系统。在实现录入数据、编辑、查询和输出功能的基础上,还实现了自然质量分,自然等指数、利用等指数、经济等指数、自然等别、利用等别和经济等别的计算,为县级耕地质量定级评价提供了一定上的技术支持。利用设计开发的系统对农安县耕地质量进行定级评价,结果表明2012年农安县耕地质量等别分布范围为8等到13等,共计6个等别。其中自然等别主要集中在9-12等别,平均自然等别为11.21;利用等别主要集中在10-12,平均利用等别为11.06;经济等别主要集中在10-12,平均经济等别为11.33,三个等别都稳定在11等别左右。耕地质量与土壤基础肥力关系密切,而土壤基础肥力的核心是土壤有机碳的问题,其数量的多寡和质量的好坏直接影响耕地生态功能的强弱,因此估量土壤有机质密度和储量对评价耕地质量有重要的参考依据。本文对吉林省农安县50个典型耕地土壤剖面分层采样测定有机碳,并运用指数模型、对数模型、幂函数模型和S型曲线模型对剖面有机碳垂直分布模型进行研究,并结合耕层土壤有机碳的历史数据(7600个)对农安县1m土层耕地有机碳密度和储量进行估算和评价。结果表明四种模型描述土壤有机碳垂直分布的可信度存在明显差异,其中指数模型的R2为0.93以上,对数模型R2稳定在0.88左右,幂函数模型R2介于0.7-0.8,S型曲线模型R2则达到0.97以上,S型曲线模型拟合性最好。以此为基础,对S型曲线模型进一步完善,采用倒S曲线模型Y=Ki/(1+e x)ba?研究了有机碳的垂直分布,并利用耕层土壤有机碳(SOC)数据分析了该县耕地土壤有机碳密度分布及其储量。结果表明,耕地土壤有机碳可以利用耕层土壤有机碳含量(Ki)为基本参数来构建垂直分布模型,其目的将耕层土壤有机碳数据与土体有机碳垂直分布建立联系,进而可利用以往耕层有机碳含量对一定深度的土壤有机碳密度进行估算与评价。全县有机碳预估储量为49512.7536×106kg,其中0-20cm有机碳储量为14140.46×106kg,占总量的28.58%;20-40cm深度碳储量为13110.29×106kg,占总量的26.48%;40-100cm深度碳储量为22251.03×106kg,占总量的44.94%。
[Abstract]:Grading and evaluation of cultivated land quality is to quantify the quantity, quality and distribution of cultivated land scientifically, to manage cultivated land scientifically, rationally, legally and uniformly, and to coordinate land management with quantity, quality and ecology so as to achieve the goal of scientific utilization. Basically, it includes administrative area map, land use status map, soil map, hydrogeology and geomorphology map, farmland environment and yield distribution map, and divides several types according to the target of grading evaluation, designs soil section point (fixed point) and farmland attribute monitoring point (dynamic point) and sampling analysis, especially farmland. Vertical distribution and density of soil organic matter and reserves are one of the important attributes of quality evaluation.These data must be standardized by GIS data and transformed into vector and raster data.After a very complicated analysis,the classification and quality evaluation objectives can be achieved.Based on the theory of agricultural land classification and grading,this paper is based on ArcEngine. The farmland quality grading system of Nong'an County is developed and designed by using Visual Basic.NET language method and collecting farmland grading rules.On the basis of input data, edit, query and output functions, the natural quality score, natural index, etc. are also realized. The results show that the farmland quality grading of Nong'an County in 2012 ranges from 8 to 13, with a total of 6 gradations. The natural grade is 11.21; the utilization grade is mainly concentrated in 10-12, and the average utilization grade is 11.06; the economic grade is mainly concentrated in 10-12, the average economic grade is 11.33, and the three grades are stable around 11. The quality of cultivated land is closely related to the basic fertility of soil, and the core of the basic fertility of soil is the problem of soil organic carbon. The quality and quantity of soil organic matter have a direct impact on the ecological function of cultivated land, so estimating the density and reserves of soil organic matter has an important reference for evaluating the quality of cultivated land. The vertical distribution model of soil organic carbon was studied and the density and reserves of soil organic carbon in 1 m soil layer of Nong'an County were estimated and evaluated with the historical data of soil organic carbon (7 600). The logarithmic model R2 was stable at about 0.88, the power function model R2 was between 0.7 and 0.8, the S-curve model R2 was above 0.97, and the S-curve model had the best fitting ability. The results showed that the soil organic carbon content (Ki) could be used as the basic parameter to construct the vertical distribution model. The purpose of this model was to establish the relationship between the soil organic carbon data and the vertical distribution of soil organic carbon, and then to make use of the previous tillage organic carbon. The estimated reserves of soil organic carbon in the county were 49512.7536 *106 kg, of which 0-20 cm was 14140.46 *106 kg, accounting for 28.58% of the total; 20-40 cm depth was 13110.29 *106 kg, accounting for 26.48% of the total; 40-100 cm depth was 22251.03 *106 kg, accounting for 44.58% of the total. .94%.
【学位授予单位】：吉林农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S158;S153.6
本文编号：2199288
[Abstract]:Grading and evaluation of cultivated land quality is to quantify the quantity, quality and distribution of cultivated land scientifically, to manage cultivated land scientifically, rationally, legally and uniformly, and to coordinate land management with quantity, quality and ecology so as to achieve the goal of scientific utilization. Basically, it includes administrative area map, land use status map, soil map, hydrogeology and geomorphology map, farmland environment and yield distribution map, and divides several types according to the target of grading evaluation, designs soil section point (fixed point) and farmland attribute monitoring point (dynamic point) and sampling analysis, especially farmland. Vertical distribution and density of soil organic matter and reserves are one of the important attributes of quality evaluation.These data must be standardized by GIS data and transformed into vector and raster data.After a very complicated analysis,the classification and quality evaluation objectives can be achieved.Based on the theory of agricultural land classification and grading,this paper is based on ArcEngine. The farmland quality grading system of Nong'an County is developed and designed by using Visual Basic.NET language method and collecting farmland grading rules.On the basis of input data, edit, query and output functions, the natural quality score, natural index, etc. are also realized. The results show that the farmland quality grading of Nong'an County in 2012 ranges from 8 to 13, with a total of 6 gradations. The natural grade is 11.21; the utilization grade is mainly concentrated in 10-12, and the average utilization grade is 11.06; the economic grade is mainly concentrated in 10-12, the average economic grade is 11.33, and the three grades are stable around 11. The quality of cultivated land is closely related to the basic fertility of soil, and the core of the basic fertility of soil is the problem of soil organic carbon. The quality and quantity of soil organic matter have a direct impact on the ecological function of cultivated land, so estimating the density and reserves of soil organic matter has an important reference for evaluating the quality of cultivated land. The vertical distribution model of soil organic carbon was studied and the density and reserves of soil organic carbon in 1 m soil layer of Nong'an County were estimated and evaluated with the historical data of soil organic carbon (7 600). The logarithmic model R2 was stable at about 0.88, the power function model R2 was between 0.7 and 0.8, the S-curve model R2 was above 0.97, and the S-curve model had the best fitting ability. The results showed that the soil organic carbon content (Ki) could be used as the basic parameter to construct the vertical distribution model. The purpose of this model was to establish the relationship between the soil organic carbon data and the vertical distribution of soil organic carbon, and then to make use of the previous tillage organic carbon. The estimated reserves of soil organic carbon in the county were 49512.7536 *106 kg, of which 0-20 cm was 14140.46 *106 kg, accounting for 28.58% of the total; 20-40 cm depth was 13110.29 *106 kg, accounting for 26.48% of the total; 40-100 cm depth was 22251.03 *106 kg, accounting for 44.58% of the total. .94%.
【学位授予单位】：吉林农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S158;S153.6
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