内蒙古大兴安岭火烧迹地土壤微生物学特性的研究
发布时间：2018-08-26 21:20
【摘要】：本研究以内蒙古大兴安岭多年冻土林区火烧迹地为研究样地,以不同火烧年份(2003、2008、2012)和不同火烧程度(轻度、重度)的火烧迹地土样为研究对象,分别于2013年5月、7月、10月采集土样,采用常规微生物分析法及PCR-DGGE法对其土壤微生物学特性进行了分析,旨在揭示大兴安岭火烧迹地恢复过程中土壤微生物的变化特征,为火烧后森林生态系统的科学管理和森林更新提供理论依据。1.在相同火烧迹地,细菌、放线菌和真菌数量呈现出季节性动态变化的特征,均表现出7月10月5月。不同火烧程度对上述3大类微生物数量的影响在不同年份其结果不同,2003年火烧迹地在不同火烧程度之间无显著差异,2008年和2012年均有显著或极显著差异。不同火烧年份对微生物数量的影响程度均达到了显著或极显著差异(除个别外)。2.相同火烧迹地土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶活性均呈现季节性动态变化的特征,除个别例外均表现出7月5月、10月。过氧化氢酶和蔗糖酶活性在不同月份之间有极显著差异,而脲酶活性无显著差异。说明不同月份对不同的酶活性有不同的影响。不同火烧程度对过氧化氢酶和蔗糖酶活性有极显著影响,对脲酶活性有显著影响。不同火烧年份对过氧化氢酶和蔗糖酶活性有极显著影响,对脲酶活性无显著影响。3.相同样地土壤微生物生物量碳和氮含量表现出季节性动态变化规律,即7月10月5月,不同月份对微生物量碳氮有显著或极显著影响。不同火烧程度对生物量碳氮含量均有一定的影响,对2008年、2012年火烧迹微生物量碳有极显著影响,而对2003年有显著影响,对氮含量无显著影响。不同火烧年份对土壤微生物生物量碳氮含量均有显著或极显著影响。4.土壤细菌16S rDNA PCR-DGGE分析结果表明,相同样地土壤细菌多样性指数(H)、丰富度(S)除个别例外均有7月10月5月的季节性动态变化特征,而均匀度(EH)的最高值出现在不同月份里。上述3个指标在不同月份之间达到了显著或极显著差异(除个别外)。不同年份和不同火烧程度的火烧迹地之间土壤细菌多样性指数(H)、均匀度(EH)、丰富度(S)均达到显著或极显著差异(除个别外)。DGGE图谱的聚类分析中,相同年份的轻度和重度火烧迹地聚成一簇,相似性在63%～80%之间,与未过火样地未聚成一簇,相似性在47%-69%之间。说明火烧与否对细菌群落结构产生的影响大于火烧程度。不同火烧年份之间的相似性在47%-65%之间。说明不同火烧年份也对细菌群落结构产生了重要影响。
[Abstract]:In this study, the burning area in permafrost forest region of Daxing'an Mountains, Inner Mongolia was used as the sample land, and the soil samples of different fire years (2003t / 2008 / 2012) and different burning degrees (mild and severe) were used as the research objects. Soil samples were collected in May, July and October of 2013. The microbiological characteristics of soil were analyzed by conventional microbiological analysis and PCR-DGGE method in order to reveal the variation characteristics of soil microbes during the restoration of burned areas in Daxing'an Mountains. It provides theoretical basis for scientific management and forest regeneration of forest ecosystem after burning. The number of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi in the same burning area showed a seasonal dynamic change, showing that the number of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi showed a seasonal dynamic change in July, October and May. The effect of different burning degree on the quantity of the above three kinds of microorganisms was different in different years. In 2003, there was no significant difference between the burning sites in different burning degrees, but there were significant or extremely significant differences between 2008 and 2012. The effect of different years of fire on the number of microorganisms reached significant or extremely significant difference (except individual). 2. The activities of catalase, urease and sucrase in the same burning area all showed seasonal dynamic changes, except for a few, they all showed July, May and October. The activities of catalase and sucrase were significantly different from each other in different months, but urease activity had no significant difference. The results showed that different months had different effects on enzyme activity. The catalase and sucrase activities were significantly affected by different burning degrees, and urease activities were significantly affected. The catalase and sucrase activities were significantly affected by different burning years, but not by urease activity. Similarly, soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen content showed seasonal dynamic changes, that is, July, October, May, different months have significant or extremely significant effects on microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen. The biomass carbon and nitrogen content were affected by different burning degrees, and the biomass carbon was significantly affected in 2008 and 2012, but not in 2003. Soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen contents were significantly or extremely significantly affected by different burning years. 4. The results of 16s rDNA PCR-DGGE analysis showed that the soil bacterial diversity index (H),) richness (S) had the seasonal dynamic characteristics of July October and May except for a few exceptions, and the highest value of evenness (EH) appeared in different months. The above three indexes had significant or extremely significant differences between different months (except individual). In the cluster analysis of soil bacterial diversity index (H),) evenness (EH), richness (except individual), the (EH), richness of soil bacterial diversity index reached significant or extremely significant difference between different years and different burning degree. In the same year, the light and heavy burning areas were clustered into a cluster, the similarity was between 63% and 80%, and the similarity was between 47% and 69%. It shows that the effect of burning or not on the structure of bacterial community is greater than that on fire. The similarity between different years of fire ranged from 47% to 65%. The results showed that different burning years also had an important effect on the structure of bacterial community.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S714.3
本文编号：2206188
[Abstract]:In this study, the burning area in permafrost forest region of Daxing'an Mountains, Inner Mongolia was used as the sample land, and the soil samples of different fire years (2003t / 2008 / 2012) and different burning degrees (mild and severe) were used as the research objects. Soil samples were collected in May, July and October of 2013. The microbiological characteristics of soil were analyzed by conventional microbiological analysis and PCR-DGGE method in order to reveal the variation characteristics of soil microbes during the restoration of burned areas in Daxing'an Mountains. It provides theoretical basis for scientific management and forest regeneration of forest ecosystem after burning. The number of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi in the same burning area showed a seasonal dynamic change, showing that the number of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi showed a seasonal dynamic change in July, October and May. The effect of different burning degree on the quantity of the above three kinds of microorganisms was different in different years. In 2003, there was no significant difference between the burning sites in different burning degrees, but there were significant or extremely significant differences between 2008 and 2012. The effect of different years of fire on the number of microorganisms reached significant or extremely significant difference (except individual). 2. The activities of catalase, urease and sucrase in the same burning area all showed seasonal dynamic changes, except for a few, they all showed July, May and October. The activities of catalase and sucrase were significantly different from each other in different months, but urease activity had no significant difference. The results showed that different months had different effects on enzyme activity. The catalase and sucrase activities were significantly affected by different burning degrees, and urease activities were significantly affected. The catalase and sucrase activities were significantly affected by different burning years, but not by urease activity. Similarly, soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen content showed seasonal dynamic changes, that is, July, October, May, different months have significant or extremely significant effects on microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen. The biomass carbon and nitrogen content were affected by different burning degrees, and the biomass carbon was significantly affected in 2008 and 2012, but not in 2003. Soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen contents were significantly or extremely significantly affected by different burning years. 4. The results of 16s rDNA PCR-DGGE analysis showed that the soil bacterial diversity index (H),) richness (S) had the seasonal dynamic characteristics of July October and May except for a few exceptions, and the highest value of evenness (EH) appeared in different months. The above three indexes had significant or extremely significant differences between different months (except individual). In the cluster analysis of soil bacterial diversity index (H),) evenness (EH), richness (except individual), the (EH), richness of soil bacterial diversity index reached significant or extremely significant difference between different years and different burning degree. In the same year, the light and heavy burning areas were clustered into a cluster, the similarity was between 63% and 80%, and the similarity was between 47% and 69%. It shows that the effect of burning or not on the structure of bacterial community is greater than that on fire. The similarity between different years of fire ranged from 47% to 65%. The results showed that different burning years also had an important effect on the structure of bacterial community.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S714.3
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