寄主植物和成虫性比对普通大蓟马种群的影响
发布时间：2018-08-31 15:07
【摘要】：普通大蓟马Megalurothrips usitatus (Bagnall),隶属缨翅目Thysanoptera、蓟马科Thripidae、大蓟马属Megalurothrips,是东洋区大蓟马属中最常见的种。近年来普通大蓟马在我国宝岛海南多次爆发,为了控制普通大蓟马的种群数量,农药的频繁使用不仅使其抗药性增强,还导致冬季蔬菜农药残留严重超标。本文就成虫性比对普通大蓟马的影响和对寄主选择性进行了研究,并建立了3种豆类作物上的种群生命表,其结果如下： 1普通大蓟马的寄主选择性试验 采用叶盘法来明确普通大蓟马在3种豆类作物(豇豆、菜豆、花生)上的产卵选择性。普通大蓟马产卵时,对豇豆和花生的嫩叶正面和反面均没有选择性,但喜欢在菜豆嫩叶的正面产卵,原因在于菜豆嫩叶反面上的茸毛密度太大不适合产卵,并且其着卵百分数高达84.20%。以3种豆类作物最适产卵叶面供普通大蓟马产卵选择,产卵选择性顺序为豇豆菜豆=花生,近85%的卵产在豇豆嫩叶上,菜豆嫩叶与花生嫩叶上的着卵量近似,分别占9.03%和6.67%。这说明了普通大蓟马喜欢在豇豆嫩叶上产卵。 2普通大蓟马实验种群生命表的建立 实验室内温度26±1℃,湿度Rh60士5%和光照L/D=14h/10h条件下,组建了普通大蓟马[Megalurothrips usitatus (Bagnall)]在豇豆[Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.]、菜豆(Phaseolus vulgaris L.)和花生(Arachis hypogaea L.)上的实验种群生命表。实验结果表明,普通大蓟马的最高净增殖率、周限增长率和种群增长指数出现在豇豆上,分别为12.68、1.1413和13.42;在菜豆上这3个参数最低,分别为3.10、1.0692和5.47。普通大蓟马的最长世代周期、最大内禀增长率和产卵量出现在豇豆上为19.22d、0.1322和28.05粒,花生次之为18.76d、0.1115和19.85粒,菜豆最末为17.20d、0.0670和15.77粒。菜豆上普通大蓟马种群加倍时间为10.01d,比豇豆和花生上的种群加倍时间长62-91%。普通大蓟马取食菜豆嫩叶时,未成熟期最长、存活率最低,分别为13.64d和57.03%,取食花生和豇豆嫩叶时,这两个参数分别为12.14d、75.49%和11.97d、68.70%。并且在豇豆上的寿命明显要长于其他两种豆类作物,达到了33d。由此可见,3种豆类作物中,豇豆是普通大蓟马最适宜的寄主作物,而菜豆的适合度最低。 3不同成虫性比对普通大蓟马的影响 试验表明,普通大蓟马既可以产雄孤雌生殖；也可以进行两性生殖,后代既有雌也有雄。两性生殖雌虫的寿命和产下的后代数量仅为孤雌生殖的55%和56%。不同成虫性比对后代性比没有影响,其后代性比均在0.32～0.41之间。雄虫单日与12头雌虫交配,其中雌虫的交配率为71.67%,也就是雄虫单日可以与8.60头雌虫交配。普通大蓟马雌虫在羽化后0d、3d、6d和9d与雄虫交配,立即开始两性生殖,其中刚羽化的雌虫(0d)与雄虫交配后,其产下的后代数量最少、寿命最短,仅有29.55头和7.28d。
[Abstract]:Common thrips (Megalurothrips usitatus (Bagnall),) belong to the order Thysanoptera, Thysanoptera, Thripidae, Megalurothrips, which is the most common species in the Oriental region. In recent years, there have been many outbreaks of common thrips in Hainan, China. In order to control the population of common big thrips, the frequent use of pesticides not only strengthens their resistance, but also leads to the serious exceeding of pesticide residues in winter vegetables. In this paper, the effects of adult ratio on larval thrips and their host selectivity were studied, and the population life tables of three kinds of legume crops were established. The results are as follows: 1 the selection of common thrips on three legume crops (cowpea, bean, peanut) was determined by leaf disc method. Common great thrips have no selectivity for both the positive and negative sides of the young leaves of cowpea and peanuts, but prefer to lay eggs on the opposite side of the leaves, because the density of fluffy hairs on the opposite side of the leaves is not suitable for oviposition. And the percentage of eggs laid was as high as 84.20. The optimum spawning leaves of three kinds of legume crops were selected for common thrips to lay eggs. The order of oviposition selectivity was cowpea bean = peanut. Nearly 85% eggs were laid on the tender leaves of cowpea, and the amount of eggs on tender leaves of bean and peanut were similar, accounting for 9.03% and 6.67%, respectively. This indicated that the common thrips preferred to lay eggs on the young leaves of cowpea. (2) the establishment of the life table of the experimental population of common great thrips was carried out under the conditions of 26 卤1 鈩，
本文编号：2215360
[Abstract]:Common thrips (Megalurothrips usitatus (Bagnall),) belong to the order Thysanoptera, Thysanoptera, Thripidae, Megalurothrips, which is the most common species in the Oriental region. In recent years, there have been many outbreaks of common thrips in Hainan, China. In order to control the population of common big thrips, the frequent use of pesticides not only strengthens their resistance, but also leads to the serious exceeding of pesticide residues in winter vegetables. In this paper, the effects of adult ratio on larval thrips and their host selectivity were studied, and the population life tables of three kinds of legume crops were established. The results are as follows: 1 the selection of common thrips on three legume crops (cowpea, bean, peanut) was determined by leaf disc method. Common great thrips have no selectivity for both the positive and negative sides of the young leaves of cowpea and peanuts, but prefer to lay eggs on the opposite side of the leaves, because the density of fluffy hairs on the opposite side of the leaves is not suitable for oviposition. And the percentage of eggs laid was as high as 84.20. The optimum spawning leaves of three kinds of legume crops were selected for common thrips to lay eggs. The order of oviposition selectivity was cowpea bean = peanut. Nearly 85% eggs were laid on the tender leaves of cowpea, and the amount of eggs on tender leaves of bean and peanut were similar, accounting for 9.03% and 6.67%, respectively. This indicated that the common thrips preferred to lay eggs on the young leaves of cowpea. (2) the establishment of the life table of the experimental population of common great thrips was carried out under the conditions of 26 卤1 鈩，
本文编号：2215360
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