抽穗期干旱胁迫对小麦产量及生理特性的影响

发布时间：2018-10-09 19:47

【摘要】：为给小麦抗旱栽培提供理论参考,采用盆栽试验,在小麦抽穗期开始进行连续12d的干旱胁迫处理,设置中度干旱(MD,土壤相对含水量为40%~45%)、轻度干旱(LD,土壤相对含水量为55%~60%)及适宜含水量对照(WW,土壤相对含水量为75%~80%)3个水平,研究抽穗期干旱胁迫对小麦生理特性和产量形成的影响。结果表明,抽穗期干旱胁迫初期,剑叶抗氧化酶(超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶)活性均显著增加,轻度干旱处理酶活性均上升了30%左右,中度干旱处理3种酶活性均上升了75%左右。随着胁迫的延长,酶活性开始降低,胁迫程度越重,酶活性降低越快。膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)大量积累,积累量随胁迫程度的加重而增加。干旱胁迫显著影响小麦产量的形成,轻度干旱胁迫影响了粒重形成,产量下降了21.57%,中度干旱胁迫影响了每穗粒数和粒重的形成,产量下降了40.56%。
[Abstract]:In order to provide theoretical reference for drought resistant cultivation of wheat, pot experiment was used to deal with drought stress for 12 consecutive days at heading stage of wheat. The effects of drought stress at heading stage on physiological characteristics and yield formation of wheat were studied by setting three levels: moderate drought (relative water content of MD, soil was 40%), mild drought level (relative water content of LD, soil was 55%) and control of suitable water content (relative water content of WW, soil was 75%). The results showed that the activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase) in flag leaf increased significantly at the early stage of drought stress at heading stage, and increased by about 30% in mild drought treatment. The activities of three enzymes increased by about 75% in moderate drought treatment. With the extension of stress, the enzyme activity began to decrease, and the more serious the stress, the faster the enzyme activity decreased. The membrane lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA) (MDA) accumulated a lot and the accumulation increased with the increase of stress. Drought stress significantly affected wheat yield formation, mild drought stress affected grain weight formation, yield decreased 21.57%, moderate drought stress affected grain number per panicle and grain weight formation, yield decreased 40.56%.
【作者单位】：扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理国家重点实验室培育点;江苏省中国科学院植物研究所(南京中山植物园);
【基金】：高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金资助项目(20133250110001) 国家自然科学基金资助项目(31401317)
【分类号】：S423;S512.1

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