铁岭县农田土壤肥力特征及合理施肥技术

发布时间：2018-10-17 10:24

【摘要】：近年来,农业快速发展,有机肥与化肥过量施用问题尤为突显。土壤肥力特征、土壤养分分级对合理施肥具有重要意义,本文通过对铁岭县农田土壤进行了物理和化学指标进行测定,掌握了该地区的土壤供肥肥力,明确了该地区养分分级状况并绘制了项目区的土壤养分分级图,并据此制定了该地区的施肥方案,对该地区的合理施肥具有重大意义。研究结果表明:(1)土壤有机质含量平均为2.01%,大部分面积仍然是较缺和中等状况,但缺乏有机质的面积有所降低。(2)全氮含量平均为1.16g/kg,与第二次土壤普查结果相比略有上升,也处于中等和较缺状况,较缺面积下降,中等状况以上面积所占比例不断增加。(3)有效磷含量平均为50.86mg/kg,与第二次土壤普查结果相比明显增加,绝大部分处于丰富和较丰富状况,其余面积达到中等状况。(4)速效钾含量平均为119.6mg/kg,与第二次土壤普查结果相比明显下降,大部分面积处于中等和较缺状况,而且较缺面积大幅度增加。在此基础上,总结研究区域的土地养分综合情况,最后提出了玉米、水稻合理施肥模式,以期为提高铁岭地区农田土壤养分水平和粮食产量提供技术支撑。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of agriculture, the problem of excessive application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer is particularly prominent. The characteristics of soil fertility and the classification of soil nutrients are of great significance to rational fertilization. The physical and chemical indexes of farmland soil in Tieling County were determined in this paper, and the fertility of soil fertilizer supply in this area was grasped. The status of nutrient classification in this area is clarified and the map of soil nutrient grading in the project area is drawn up. Based on this, the fertilization scheme in this area is formulated, which is of great significance to the rational fertilization in this area. The results showed that: (1) the average soil organic matter content was 2.01, most of the soil area was still deficient and moderate, but the area lacking organic matter was decreased. (2) the average total nitrogen content was 1.16 g / kg, which was slightly higher than that of the second soil census. The proportion of the area above the middle condition is increasing. (3) the average available phosphorus content is 50.86 mg / kg, which is obviously increased compared with the results of the second soil census, most of which are rich and abundant. (4) the average available potassium content was 119.6 mg / kg, which decreased obviously compared with the results of the second soil census. On this basis, the comprehensive situation of land nutrients in the study area was summarized, and a reasonable fertilization model of maize and rice was put forward in order to provide technical support for improving the soil nutrient level and grain yield in Tieling area.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S158

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