玉米-大豆间作和施氮对红壤地中小型土壤动物群落特征的影响

发布时间：2018-11-05 17:29

【摘要】：通过2年田间定位试验(2013—2014),利用干漏斗法收集土壤中小型动物,探讨不同种植模式(玉米单作、玉米大豆间作、大豆单作)和施氮(0、150 kg·hm-2)对红壤土壤动物数量和群落结构的影响.结果表明:两年取样共捕获土壤中小型动物8349只,分属3门10纲29目,优势类群为蜱螨目和弹尾目.2013年间作和施氮均提高了玉米拔节期土壤动物的平均密度.2014年土壤动物类群数较2013年有明显的增加,施氮条件下的土壤动物平均密度较不施氮有所增加.两年多因素方差分析结果表明,种植模式和生育期对土壤动物平均密度、类群数和多样性指数都无显著影响.但在2014年,施氮显著影响了土壤动物类群数、Simpson指数和密度-类群指数;种植模式与玉米生育期的交互作用显著影响了土壤动物平均密度和类群数,同时对密度-类群和丰富度指数也有显著影响;施氮和生育期的交互作用显著影响了Simpson指数、密度-类群指数和Shannon指数.从两年的土壤动物群落去趋势分析结果来看,红壤地土壤动物群落在种植模式和施氮水平之间均没有明显的差异,群落组成的变化与玉米生育期相关.合理施氮条件下的玉米-大豆间作模式有利于提高红壤地土壤中小型动物平均密度和类群数,保持较好的多样性.
[Abstract]:A 2-year field positioning experiment (2013-2014) was conducted to collect small and medium-sized soil animals by dry funnel method, and to explore different planting patterns (maize monoculture, maize soybean intercropping). Effects of soybean monoculture and nitrogen application (0150 kg hm-2) on soil fauna and community structure in red soil. The results showed that a total of 8349 soil small and medium-sized animals were collected for two years, belonging to 3 phyla, 10 classes and 29 orders. The dominant groups were acariidae and Eucalypidae. The average density of soil animals in maize jointing period was increased by planting and applying nitrogen during 2013. The number of soil fauna groups in 2014 was significantly higher than that in 2013. The average density of soil animals under nitrogen application was higher than that without nitrogen application. The results of two years multivariate ANOVA showed that the planting pattern and growth period had no significant effect on the average density, group number and diversity index of soil animals. But in 2014, nitrogen application significantly affected the number of soil fauna groups, Simpson index and density-group index. The interaction between planting pattern and maize growth period significantly affected the average density and group number of soil animals, as well as the density-group and richness index. The interaction between nitrogen application and growth stage significantly affected Simpson index, density-group index and Shannon index. The results showed that there was no significant difference in planting pattern and nitrogen application level between soil fauna communities in red soil, and the change of community composition was related to maize growth period. Under the condition of reasonable nitrogen application, the maize-soybean intercropping pattern can increase the average density and group number of small and medium-sized animals in red soil, and maintain better diversity.
【作者单位】：江西农业大学生态科学研究中心;江西农业大学农学院;
【基金】：高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金项目(20133603120005) 国家自然科学基金项目(31360108)资助~~
【分类号】：S154

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