改性生物质炭基肥料的特性及在生产上的应用

发布时间：2018-11-09 16:10

【摘要】：随着我国农业的发展,农林废弃物的生产量越来越多,其被废置或焚烧的现象日益凸显。农作物秸秆作为农业废弃物的主要来源,其用途也受到更多人的关注。生物质炭是作物秸秆等生物质原料在高温限氧条件下生成的一类高度芳香化、难分解的含碳物质,农田施用生物质炭后不仅可以减少土壤养分的淋失,改善土壤结构,还能够起到固碳减排、增加作物产量、改善作物品质的效果。由于生物质炭具有孔隙性、比表面积大、表面附着电荷等特性,对养分有一定的固持能力,因此,可以生物质炭作为肥料的载体,与化肥采用一定的工艺制备成生物质炭基缓释肥料。本文选取小麦秸秆为试验材料,进行改性制得两种改性生物质炭基肥,利用SEM和XPS分析炭基肥的微观结构并比较改性炭基肥在小麦和青椒生长中的应用效果。主要结果如下:(1)磷酸活化的半改性和改性生物质炭与常规生物质炭相比,表面官能团数量和比表面积有所增加,改性的炭基肥较常规炭基肥的表面结构中分布着更多的养分,且炭基肥与复合肥相比养分缓释效果更明显;(2)生物质炭基肥料施用于小麦生长的试验表明:小麦追肥条件下,各施肥处理对小麦植株和籽粒中氮磷养分的吸收和产量性状无显著影响;小麦未追肥条件下,与追肥时相比减少施氮量95%,虽然对小麦养分吸收和产量亦无显著差异,但相同施肥处理的氮素偏生产力比追肥时提高一倍以上。因此,生物质炭基肥在保证小麦产量的前提下,可以减少肥料施用量,提高肥料养分利用率。(3)生物质炭基肥料施用于青椒生长的试验表明:生物质炭基肥(总养分37%)与复合肥(总养分45%)等量施用的情况下,半改性和改性生物质炭基肥处理(BF2和BF3)较CF处理可以显著提高青椒的产量,增幅分别为16.6%和18.0%;BF2处理的可溶性蛋白含量比CF提高18.24%;BF3处理较CF处理显著降低有机酸含量幅度达13.70%;三种生物质炭基肥处理与复合肥相比都可以显著降低青椒果实中硝酸盐的含量,从而提高蔬菜的安全品质。
[Abstract]:With the development of agriculture in China, more and more agricultural and forestry wastes are produced, and the phenomenon of waste or incineration becomes more and more prominent. As the main source of agricultural waste, crop straw has attracted more and more attention. Biomass carbon is a kind of highly aromatization and difficult to decompose carbon-bearing substance which is produced by crop straw and other biomass raw materials under the condition of high temperature and oxygen limit. The application of biomass carbon in farmland can not only reduce the leaching loss of soil nutrients but also improve the soil structure. Can also play a solid carbon emission reduction, increase crop yield, improve crop quality effect. Biomass carbon can be used as the carrier of fertilizer because of its porosity, large specific surface area, surface charge and so on. Biomass carbon based slow-release fertilizer was prepared by a certain process with chemical fertilizer. In this paper, two kinds of modified biomass carbon fertilizer were prepared by using wheat straw as experimental material. The microstructure of carbon based fertilizer was analyzed by SEM and XPS, and the application effect of modified carbon base fertilizer in wheat and green pepper growth was compared. The main results are as follows: (1) compared with conventional biomass carbon, the number of surface functional groups and specific surface area of phosphoric acid activated semi-modified and modified biomass carbon increased. The surface structure of modified carbon based fertilizer is more abundant than that of conventional carbon based fertilizer, and the effect of slow release of carbon based fertilizer is more obvious than that of compound fertilizer. (2) the experiment of applying biomass carbon fertilizer to wheat growth showed that under the condition of topdressing, the nitrogen and phosphorus uptake and yield characters of wheat plant and grain were not significantly affected by different fertilization treatments; Under the condition of no topdressing, the nitrogen application amount decreased 95%, although there was no significant difference in nutrient absorption and yield of wheat, the nitrogen partial productivity of the same fertilization treatment was more than twice as high as that of the top dressing treatment. Therefore, biomass based carbon fertilizer can reduce the amount of fertilizer on the premise of wheat yield. (3) Biomass carbon fertilizer was applied to the growth of green pepper. The results showed that biomass carbon fertilizer (37% of total nutrient) was applied in the same amount as compound fertilizer (45% of total nutrient). Compared with CF treatment, semi-modified and modified biomass carbon based fertilizer (BF2 and BF3) could significantly increase the yield of green pepper by 16.6% and 18.0%, respectively. The content of soluble protein in BF2 treatment was higher than that in CF treatment, and the content of organic acid in BF3 treatment was significantly lower than that in CF treatment, and the content of organic acid in BF3 treatment was 13.70% higher than that in CF treatment. Compared with compound fertilizer, three kinds of biomass carbon fertilizer could significantly reduce the nitrate content in green pepper fruit and improve the safety quality of vegetables.
【学位授予单位】：南京农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S141

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