保护性耕作对西北旱区土壤微生物空间分布及土壤理化性质的影响

发布时间：2018-11-10 10:46

【摘要】：【目的】保护性耕作在中国西北旱区已得到了广泛应用,是农业生产中重要的技术措施。探析保护性耕作对土壤肥力和土壤微生物群落结构的影响,有助于农业生产的可持续发展。本试验从土壤理化性质和微生物相结合的角度,探讨保护性耕作对土壤微生物空间结构的影响,以及旱作麦田微生物群落丰度和土壤理化性质的相关性,为推广保护性耕作措施提供理论依据和实践支持。【方法】以中国西北旱区土壤为研究对象,常规耕作翻耕(PT)为对照,设计深松耕(CPT)和免耕(ZT)两种保护性耕作方式,采用实时荧光定量PCR技术,测定土壤微生物群落丰度和土壤理化性质指标,并分析微生物群落空间分布与土壤理化性质和保护性耕作之间的关系。【结果】长期应用保护性耕作已对旱作麦田的环境产生显著影响,不同的耕作方式对土壤真菌和细菌群落丰度有不同的影响,两者对3种耕作方式均有不同程度的响应;在不同的耕作方式下,土壤微生物空间分布不均,连续性较差,空间变异程度较高,表现出强烈的空间聚集分布。耕作方式对土壤理化性质和酶活性也有显著的影响,与传统翻耕相比,深松耕和免耕方式能显著提高土壤黏粒、水分、全氮、铵态氮含量和脲酶、蔗糖酶活性。典范主分量分析(CPCA)结果表明,土壤微生物群落丰度和理化性质变化主要受到耕作方式的影响,并且土壤微生物群落丰度与理化性质密切相关,在免耕方式下,土壤黏粒、水分和铵态氮含量等显著影响土壤细菌群落分布;在深松耕方式下,土壤可溶性碳含量和过氧化氢酶活性等显著影响土壤真菌群落分布。【结论】旱作麦田采用保护性耕作,可以影响土壤微生物群落丰度和空间分布,并且显著影响土壤理化性质,进而影响土壤微生物空间结构。同时,土壤水分和碳氮含量分别显著影响土壤细菌和真菌丰度。
[Abstract]:[objective] Conservation tillage has been widely used in arid areas of northwest China and is an important technical measure in agricultural production. The effect of conservation tillage on soil fertility and soil microbial community structure is helpful to the sustainable development of agricultural production. In this study, the effects of conservation tillage on soil microbial spatial structure and the correlation between soil microbial community abundance and soil physical and chemical properties were discussed from the point of view of combining soil physical and chemical properties with soil physical and chemical properties. To provide theoretical basis and practical support for popularizing conservation tillage measures. [methods] soil in arid region of northwest China was studied and conventional tillage (PT) was used as control. Two conservation tillage methods, (CPT) and no-tillage (ZT), were designed. The soil microbial community abundance and soil physical and chemical properties were measured by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. The relationship between the spatial distribution of microbial communities and soil physical and chemical properties and conservation tillage was also analyzed. [results] the long-term application of conservation tillage had a significant impact on the environment of dry wheat fields. Different tillage methods had different effects on the abundance of soil fungal and bacterial communities, and they all had different responses to the three tillage methods. The spatial distribution of soil microbes was uneven, the continuity was poor, and the degree of spatial variation was higher under different cultivation methods, showing a strong spatial aggregation distribution. Compared with traditional tillage, deep soaking and no-tillage could significantly increase soil clay, water, total nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, urease and sucrase activity. The results of canonical principal component analysis (CPCA) showed that the changes of soil microbial community abundance and physical and chemical properties were mainly affected by tillage methods, and soil microbial community abundance was closely related to physical and chemical properties. Water and ammonium nitrogen contents significantly affected the distribution of soil bacterial communities. The distribution of soil fungal communities was significantly affected by soil soluble carbon content and catalase activity. [conclusion] the abundance and spatial distribution of soil microbial communities could be affected by conservation tillage in dryland wheat fields. The physical and chemical properties of soil were significantly affected, and the spatial structure of soil microorganisms was further affected. At the same time, soil moisture and carbon and nitrogen content significantly affected soil bacterial and fungal abundance, respectively.
【作者单位】：西北农林科技大学农学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金(31571621,31471451) 陕西省农业科技创新与攻关项目(2016NY-001) 陕西省科技统筹创新工程计划项目(2015TZC-N-11-3)
【分类号】：S345;S154.3;S153

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