沟垄覆膜连作种植对马铃薯田土壤微生物区系及酶活性的影响
发布时间：2018-11-15 09:54
【摘要】：为了探究连作条件下不同种植方式对马铃薯田土壤微生物群落、土壤酶活性以及马铃薯产量影响的差异,以当地主栽品种“新大坪”为试验材料,研究了平畦不覆膜(CK)、平畦覆膜(T1)、全膜双垄垄播(T2)、全膜双垄沟播(T3)、半膜沟垄垄播(T4)、半膜膜侧种植(T5)6种栽培模式对马铃薯第2、第3年连作田土壤微生物数量、土壤酶活性以及马铃薯产量的影响。以期为陇中半干旱地区马铃薯可持续生产提供理论依据和技术支撑。获得如下主要结论:1.连作条件下,全膜覆盖种植和半膜垄播对土壤细菌数量的增加具有促进作用,半膜垄播促进作用最大;除半膜垄播外,其他种植方式对真菌数量的增加均具有抑制作用,全膜垄播抑制作用最大;覆膜对放线菌数量的增加均具有抑制作用,半膜沟播抑制作用最大,且全膜覆盖小于半膜覆盖,垄播小于沟播;全膜沟播最有利于B/F值的提高,改善土壤微生物群落结构的效果最好。2.沟垄覆膜对土壤固氮菌数量的增加具有一定的促进作用,全膜覆盖大于半膜覆盖;而5种覆膜方式对硝化细菌存在抑制作用,以全膜沟播抑制作用最大;平畦不覆膜对反硝化细菌促进作用最大,而全膜垄播对反硝化细菌抑制作用最大。3.平畦覆膜能够提高土壤过氧化氢酶活性;各处理脲酶活性降低,半膜垄播抑制作用最大;各种植方式下,土壤碱性磷酸酶活性均大幅度降低,但处理间差异不明显;沟垄覆膜能够保持较高的蔗糖酶活性,半膜垄播蔗糖酶活性最高。4.不同种植方式下,土壤细菌、氮素生理群以及3种土壤酶活性8个指标间存在极显著正向作用;磷素利用效率与B/F值、氮素利用效率间也存在极显著的正向作用;而真菌与氮素转化利用效率间存在极显著的负向作用。5.半膜垄播马铃薯干物重最高,全膜垄播次之;全膜沟播养分利用效率最高,且全膜高于半膜,沟播高于垄播;覆膜能够保持马铃薯较高产量水平,垄播效果较好。
[Abstract]:In order to explore the difference of soil microbial community, soil enzyme activity and potato yield under continuous cropping conditions, the main local cultivar "Xindaping" was used as experimental material to study (CK), of flat furrow without film mulching. The soil microorganism quantity of potato in the 2nd and 3rd year was treated by six cultivation modes: film mulching (T1), full film double ridge sowing (T2), full film double ridge sowing (T 3), half film furrow sowing (T 4), half film side planting (T 5), and half film side planting (T 5). Effects of soil enzyme activity and potato yield. In order to provide theoretical basis and technical support for the sustainable production of potato in the semiarid region of Longzhong. The main conclusions are as follows: 1. Under the condition of continuous cropping, full film mulch planting and half film ridge sowing could promote the increase of soil bacterial number, and half film ridge sowing had the most promoting effect. With the exception of semi-film ridge sowing, the other planting methods all had inhibitory effect on the increase of fungi number, and the whole film ridge sowing had the most inhibitory effect. Film mulching can inhibit the increase of actinomycetes, half film furrow seeding is the most effective, and the whole film cover is less than half film cover, ridge sowing is less than furrow sowing. The whole film furrow seeding was most beneficial to the increase of B / F value, and the effect of improving soil microbial community structure was the best. 2. Furrow mulching had a certain effect on the increase of soil nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and the total film mulch was larger than the half-film mulch, and the five film mulching methods had the inhibitory effect on nitrifying bacteria, especially the whole film furrow seeding. The effect of film mulching on denitrifying bacteria was the greatest, while the inhibition of denitrifying bacteria by whole film ridge sowing was the greatest. The soil catalase activity was increased by mulching of flat furrow, urease activity decreased in each treatment, and the inhibition effect of semi-film ridge seeding was the greatest. The alkaline phosphatase activity of soil decreased significantly under different planting patterns, but there was no significant difference between treatments. Furrow film mulching could maintain high sucrase activity, while semilayer ridge seeding had the highest sucrase activity. 4. Under different planting patterns, there were significant positive effects among soil bacteria, physiological groups of nitrogen and 8 indexes of soil enzyme activity, and there were also significant positive effects among P use efficiency, B / F value and N use efficiency. However, there was a significant negative effect between fungi and nitrogen conversion efficiency. 5. 5. Half film ridge sowing potato dry weight is the highest, the whole film ridge sowing is the second; the whole film furrow sowing nutrient utilization efficiency is the highest, and the whole film is higher than half film, the furrow sowing is higher than the ridge sowing; the film mulching can maintain the potato higher yield level, the ridge sowing effect is better.
【学位授予单位】：甘肃农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S532;S154
本文编号：2332962
[Abstract]:In order to explore the difference of soil microbial community, soil enzyme activity and potato yield under continuous cropping conditions, the main local cultivar "Xindaping" was used as experimental material to study (CK), of flat furrow without film mulching. The soil microorganism quantity of potato in the 2nd and 3rd year was treated by six cultivation modes: film mulching (T1), full film double ridge sowing (T2), full film double ridge sowing (T 3), half film furrow sowing (T 4), half film side planting (T 5), and half film side planting (T 5). Effects of soil enzyme activity and potato yield. In order to provide theoretical basis and technical support for the sustainable production of potato in the semiarid region of Longzhong. The main conclusions are as follows: 1. Under the condition of continuous cropping, full film mulch planting and half film ridge sowing could promote the increase of soil bacterial number, and half film ridge sowing had the most promoting effect. With the exception of semi-film ridge sowing, the other planting methods all had inhibitory effect on the increase of fungi number, and the whole film ridge sowing had the most inhibitory effect. Film mulching can inhibit the increase of actinomycetes, half film furrow seeding is the most effective, and the whole film cover is less than half film cover, ridge sowing is less than furrow sowing. The whole film furrow seeding was most beneficial to the increase of B / F value, and the effect of improving soil microbial community structure was the best. 2. Furrow mulching had a certain effect on the increase of soil nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and the total film mulch was larger than the half-film mulch, and the five film mulching methods had the inhibitory effect on nitrifying bacteria, especially the whole film furrow seeding. The effect of film mulching on denitrifying bacteria was the greatest, while the inhibition of denitrifying bacteria by whole film ridge sowing was the greatest. The soil catalase activity was increased by mulching of flat furrow, urease activity decreased in each treatment, and the inhibition effect of semi-film ridge seeding was the greatest. The alkaline phosphatase activity of soil decreased significantly under different planting patterns, but there was no significant difference between treatments. Furrow film mulching could maintain high sucrase activity, while semilayer ridge seeding had the highest sucrase activity. 4. Under different planting patterns, there were significant positive effects among soil bacteria, physiological groups of nitrogen and 8 indexes of soil enzyme activity, and there were also significant positive effects among P use efficiency, B / F value and N use efficiency. However, there was a significant negative effect between fungi and nitrogen conversion efficiency. 5. 5. Half film ridge sowing potato dry weight is the highest, the whole film ridge sowing is the second; the whole film furrow sowing nutrient utilization efficiency is the highest, and the whole film is higher than half film, the furrow sowing is higher than the ridge sowing; the film mulching can maintain the potato higher yield level, the ridge sowing effect is better.
【学位授予单位】：甘肃农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S532;S154
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相关期刊论文 前2条
1 时向东;耿伟;李钠钾;焦枫;智磊;;不同覆盖方式下烤烟根际土壤养分含量与酶活性的动态变化[J];中国烟草学报;2010年05期
2 李潮海;王小星;王群;郝四平;;不同质地土壤玉米根际生物活性研究[J];中国农业科学;2007年02期
，本文编号：2332962
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