栓皮栎林下枯落物减流减沙效应研究

发布时间：2018-11-15 09:55

【摘要】：采用室内人工模拟降雨的方法,对有枯落物覆盖的栓皮栎林与无枯落物覆盖的栓皮栎林在不同的雨强、坡度条件下的减流减沙效应进行比较分析,研究结果表明:(1)相对于只栽植栓皮栎的坡面,林下枯落物的存在能有效地减弱坡面径流,且在坡度为10°、雨强为60mm/h时减流效果最优,达到25%;(2)枯落物的存在显著提高了栓皮栎林的减沙效益,其中在坡度10°、雨强为90mm/h条件下减沙效果最优,达到125%;(3)枯落物层的存在还能延长坡面径流产生的时间,降低坡面流流速,同时还能有效地减少坡面的总产流量(6.60%~28.17%)和总产沙量(11.08%~65.08%);(4)对比枯落物层对总产流量和总产沙量的减少率可以发现,枯落物层在不同条件下对总产沙量的减少率普遍大于相同条件下其对总产流量的减少率。
[Abstract]:The effects of runoff and sediment reduction of Quercus variabilis forest with litter mulching and without litter mulching under different rainfall intensity and slope were analyzed by artificial rainfall simulation in laboratory. The results are as follows: (1) relative to the slope of Quercus variabilis planted only, the existence of litter can effectively weaken the runoff of slope, and when the slope is 10 掳and the rain intensity is 60mm/h, the effect of runoff reduction is the best, reaching 25%; (2) the sediment reduction benefit of Quercus variabilis forest was significantly improved by the presence of litter, and the effect of sediment reduction was optimal under the condition of slope 10 掳and rain intensity 90mm/h, reaching 125%; (3) the existence of litter layer can also prolong the time of runoff, decrease the flow velocity, and reduce the total runoff (6.60% 28.17%) and the total sediment yield (11.08%). (4) comparing with the reduction rate of total yield and sediment yield in litter layer, it can be found that the reduction rate of total sediment yield in litter layer under different conditions is generally higher than that in the same condition.
【作者单位】：北京林业大学水土保持与荒漠化防治教育部重点实验室;
【基金】：华北土石山区防护林体系定向调控技术研究与示范(2015BAD07B0302)
【分类号】：S714.7

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