宝—天高速公路土壤生态系统受损和可持续生境保护研究
发布时间：2018-11-15 18:57
【摘要】：宝(鸡)天(水)高速公路是国家规划的“两纵两横”公路主干线连云港至霍尔果斯国道在甘肃境内的重要组成部分,是连接甘肃、陕西两省的重要省际通道。采集公路沿线具有代表性的乔灌木、灌木和草本地的土壤,测定土壤理化性质和微生物数量及其种属组成,分析微生物与环境因子的相关性,研究公路建设对沿线土壤的影响。结果如下:(1)理化性质土壤含水量、盐分、PH、速效氮和速效磷表现为天然林大于人工林,有机质和速效钾含量表现为天然林小于人工林;土壤含水量和有机质表现为混合林大于纯林,土壤盐分、速效磷和速效钾含量表现为混合林小于纯林;公路建设影响了土壤的理化性质,但影响程度较小。(2)数量特征细菌、放线菌和固氮菌为纯林大于混合林,真菌、有机磷分解菌和解钾菌为纯林小于混合林;细菌为天然林小于人工林,真菌、放线菌、有机磷分解菌、解钾菌和固氮菌数量为天然林大于人工林。灌草下的微生物数量最多,其次是草本地,乔灌草下的最少。公路建设减少了细菌、真菌和解钾菌的数量,增加了放线菌、固氮菌和有机磷分解菌的数量。(3)种属组成细菌有10属,常见属有固氮菌属、土壤杆菌属、微球菌属和芽孢杆菌属;真菌有8属,常见属有根霉、毛霉、青霉、曲霉和木霉菌属;放线菌90%以上为链霉菌属,此外含有少量的小单孢菌属。(4)相关性分析细菌与海拔呈极显著负相关,与真菌呈显著正相关,与速效磷呈正相关;放线菌与盐分呈显著负相关,与速效钾呈极显著正相关;固氮菌与盐分呈显著负相关,与速效钾呈极显著正相关;有机磷分解菌与固氮菌呈极显著正相关。(5)保护措施根据土壤特点,提出了土壤改良、路域绿化和公路管理等生境保护措施。
[Abstract]:Bao (Ji) Tian (Shui) Expressway is an important part of Lianyungang to Horgoz National Highway in Gansu Province, which is an important provincial corridor connecting Gansu and Shaanxi provinces. The soil of tree shrub, shrub and grass along the highway was collected, the physical and chemical properties of soil, the quantity of microorganism and its species composition were determined, the correlation between microorganism and environmental factors was analyzed, and the influence of highway construction on soil along the route was studied. The results were as follows: (1) the physical and chemical properties of soil moisture, salt, PH, available nitrogen and available phosphorus were higher in natural forest than in artificial forest, and the contents of organic matter and available potassium in natural forest were smaller than those in plantation; Soil water content and organic matter were higher in mixed forest than in pure forest, and the contents of soil salt, available phosphorus and available potassium in mixed forest were smaller than those in pure forest. The physical and chemical properties of soil were affected by highway construction, but to a lesser extent. (2) the number of characteristic bacteria, actinomycetes and nitrogen-fixing bacteria were larger in pure forest than in mixed forest, fungi, organophosphorus decomposing bacteria and potassium lytic bacteria were smaller than mixed forest; The number of bacteria in natural forest was smaller than that in artificial forest, and the number of fungi, actinomycetes, organophosphorus decomposing bacteria, potassium lyase bacteria and nitrogen-fixing bacteria in natural forest was larger than that in artificial forest. The amount of microorganism under shrub was the most, followed by herbaceous land, and the lowest under Arbor and shrub grass. Highway construction has reduced the number of bacteria, fungi and potassium bacteria, increased the number of actinomycetes, nitrogen-fixing bacteria and organophosphorus decomposition bacteria. Micrococcus and Bacillus; Fungi have 8 genera, common are Rhizopus, Mucor, Penicillium, Aspergillus and Trichoderma; More than 90% of actinomycetes belong to Streptomyces and a small amount of Micromonosporium. (4) the correlation analysis showed that bacteria were negatively correlated with altitude, positively correlated with fungi and positively correlated with rapidly available phosphorus. Actinomycetes had a significant negative correlation with salt and a very significant positive correlation with available potassium, nitrogen-fixing bacteria had a significant negative correlation with salt, and a very significant positive correlation with available potassium. Organophosphorus decomposing bacteria were positively correlated with nitrogen-fixing bacteria. (5) according to soil characteristics, soil improvement, road greening and highway management were put forward.
【学位授予单位】：西北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S154.1
[Abstract]:Bao (Ji) Tian (Shui) Expressway is an important part of Lianyungang to Horgoz National Highway in Gansu Province, which is an important provincial corridor connecting Gansu and Shaanxi provinces. The soil of tree shrub, shrub and grass along the highway was collected, the physical and chemical properties of soil, the quantity of microorganism and its species composition were determined, the correlation between microorganism and environmental factors was analyzed, and the influence of highway construction on soil along the route was studied. The results were as follows: (1) the physical and chemical properties of soil moisture, salt, PH, available nitrogen and available phosphorus were higher in natural forest than in artificial forest, and the contents of organic matter and available potassium in natural forest were smaller than those in plantation; Soil water content and organic matter were higher in mixed forest than in pure forest, and the contents of soil salt, available phosphorus and available potassium in mixed forest were smaller than those in pure forest. The physical and chemical properties of soil were affected by highway construction, but to a lesser extent. (2) the number of characteristic bacteria, actinomycetes and nitrogen-fixing bacteria were larger in pure forest than in mixed forest, fungi, organophosphorus decomposing bacteria and potassium lytic bacteria were smaller than mixed forest; The number of bacteria in natural forest was smaller than that in artificial forest, and the number of fungi, actinomycetes, organophosphorus decomposing bacteria, potassium lyase bacteria and nitrogen-fixing bacteria in natural forest was larger than that in artificial forest. The amount of microorganism under shrub was the most, followed by herbaceous land, and the lowest under Arbor and shrub grass. Highway construction has reduced the number of bacteria, fungi and potassium bacteria, increased the number of actinomycetes, nitrogen-fixing bacteria and organophosphorus decomposition bacteria. Micrococcus and Bacillus; Fungi have 8 genera, common are Rhizopus, Mucor, Penicillium, Aspergillus and Trichoderma; More than 90% of actinomycetes belong to Streptomyces and a small amount of Micromonosporium. (4) the correlation analysis showed that bacteria were negatively correlated with altitude, positively correlated with fungi and positively correlated with rapidly available phosphorus. Actinomycetes had a significant negative correlation with salt and a very significant positive correlation with available potassium, nitrogen-fixing bacteria had a significant negative correlation with salt, and a very significant positive correlation with available potassium. Organophosphorus decomposing bacteria were positively correlated with nitrogen-fixing bacteria. (5) according to soil characteristics, soil improvement, road greening and highway management were put forward.
【学位授予单位】：西北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S154.1
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