水生植物堆肥替代部分氮肥提高水稻产量与稻田土壤肥力

发布时间：2018-11-18 19:10

【摘要】：为评价太湖流域水生植物堆肥对水稻产量及稻田土壤肥力效应,在太湖流域典型稻田连续进行4a的田间定位试验,比较在等氮条件下不同比例的水生植物有机堆肥替代处理(有机氮替代率分别为0、20%、40%、60%、80%和100%)引起的水稻籽粒产量、产量构成因子、氮磷钾吸收量以及土壤碳氮含量和pH值变化。结果表明:与单施尿素相比,水生植物有机堆肥与尿素配施利于水稻产量的提高,并随着有机肥替代率增加,水稻产量呈先增后降;当有机肥替代率达40%和60%时产量最高。单施有机肥和单施尿素处理水稻籽粒产量相当。单施有机肥显著降低了有效穗数,有机肥和尿素配合施用则可减轻甚至消除这一效应;有机肥替代率在40%和60%时,有效穗数、穗粒数和结实率均较高。随着有机肥施用量增加,水稻秸秆氮浓度降低,籽粒氮浓度无影响;水稻磷浓度和吸收量均无显著差异;有机肥与尿素配施均显著提高了秸秆钾吸收量,有机肥替代率在80%时可显著提高籽粒钾吸收量。表层土壤全氮和有机碳含量及土壤pH值均与有机肥替代率呈显著正相关关系。有机肥-尿素配施处理下土壤全氮和有机碳均较4 a前显著提高。有机肥替代率为80%和100%,土壤pH值较试验前土壤分别显著升高。由此可见,水生植物有机肥与尿素配施可以提高太湖稻作区水稻产量,增加土壤有机质含量和减缓土壤酸化程度,可作为太湖稻作区一项环保型施肥技术。
[Abstract]:In order to evaluate the effect of composting of aquatic plants on rice yield and soil fertility in Taihu Lake Basin, a field location experiment was carried out for 4 years in a typical paddy field in Taihu Lake Basin. The grain yield and yield components of aquatic plants treated with organic compost substitution treatment (organic nitrogen substitution rate of 0 ~ 20 ~ 4060% and 100% respectively) were compared under the condition of equal nitrogen. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake, soil carbon and nitrogen content and pH value change. The results showed that the combination of organic compost and urea could increase the yield of rice, and with the increase of substitution rate of organic fertilizer, the yield of rice increased first and then decreased, and the yield reached the highest when the substitution rate of organic fertilizer reached 40% and 60% respectively. The grain yield of rice treated with single organic fertilizer and urea was equal. The number of effective panicles was significantly decreased by applying organic fertilizer alone, and the effect could be alleviated or even eliminated by combined application of organic fertilizer and urea, and when the substitution rate of organic fertilizer was 40% and 60%, the number of effective panicles, the number of kernels per ear and the rate of seed setting were higher. With the increase of the amount of organic fertilizer, the nitrogen concentration of rice straw decreased, but the nitrogen concentration of grain had no effect, but there was no significant difference in phosphorus concentration and absorption amount of rice. Combined application of organic fertilizer and urea significantly increased the potassium uptake of straw, and the substitution rate of organic fertilizer could significantly increase the potassium uptake of grain at 80%. The content of total nitrogen and organic carbon in surface soil and the pH value of soil were positively correlated with the substitution rate of organic fertilizer. The soil total nitrogen and organic carbon increased significantly under the combined application of organic fertilizer and urea. The substitution rate of organic fertilizer was 80% and 100% respectively, and the soil pH value was significantly higher than that before the experiment. It can be seen that combined application of aquatic plant organic fertilizer and urea can increase rice yield, increase soil organic matter content and slow down soil acidification in Taihu Lake rice cultivation area, and can be used as an environmental protection fertilization technology in Taihu Lake rice cultivation area.
【作者单位】：江苏太湖地区农业科学研究所/苏州市农业科学院;农业部苏州水稻土生态环境重点野外科学观测试验站;扬州大学农学院;
【基金】：国家重点研发计划子课题任务(2016YFD0300207-03) 江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目(CX(16)-1003-11) 江苏省自然科学青年基金(BK20170325)
【分类号】：S158;S511

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