清江流域畜禽粪便产生量估算及环境效应分析

发布时间：2019-02-13 17:24

【摘要】：依据2008~2013年清江流域畜禽养殖数据,采用排泄系数法估算了畜禽粪便量,并对各地区畜禽粪便对耕地和水环境的污染现状进行了评价.结果表明:2008~2013年畜禽粪便耕地负荷平均为20.30 t/hm2,对环境已呈现一定的影响,按照目前增长趋势,到2016年底清江流域畜粪便负荷将接近限值30 t/hm2,此时畜禽养殖对当地的环境将呈现较严重的影响.各种污染物中年均产生量最大的是COD 223057.59 t,占污染物产生总量的39.72%,最小的是NH3-N 18433.59 t,仅占污染物产生总量的3.48%.各种污染物因子中对水体影响最大的是TN、TP,等标排放率分别为40.43%和34.58%.畜禽养殖业中生猪、羊、牛和家禽养殖对水体污染的贡献率分别为55.83%,26.41%,14.06%和3.68%.在清江流域10个县市中,对水体污染的贡献最大的是宜都县,贡献为16.33%,其余依次为长阳县、恩施市、利川市、巴东县、建始县、宣恩县、咸丰县、五峰县和鹤峰县,其对水体污染的贡献分别为14.68%,13.24%,11.69%,10.72%,9.90%,6.78%,6.66%,5.20%和4.80%.
[Abstract]:Based on the data of livestock and poultry breeding in Qingjiang River Basin from 2008 to 2013, the excretion coefficient method was used to estimate the amount of livestock and poultry feces, and the pollution status of livestock and poultry feces to cultivated land and water environment in various regions was evaluated. The results showed that the average load of livestock and poultry manure was 20.30 t / hm ~ 2 from 2008 to 2013, which had a certain impact on the environment. According to the current increasing trend, the load of livestock manure in Qingjiang River Basin by the end of 2016 would be close to the limit value of 30 t / hm ~ (2). At this time, livestock and poultry breeding will have a serious impact on the local environment. Among all kinds of pollutants, the largest annual production is COD 223057.59 t, accounting for 39.72 t of total pollutant production, and the smallest is NH3-N 18433.59 t, which only accounts for 3.48 t of total pollutant production. Among all kinds of pollutant factors, the TN,TP, iso-standard discharge rate was 40.43% and 34.58% respectively. The contribution rates of pig, sheep, cattle and poultry to water pollution were 55.83%, 26.41% and 3.68%, respectively. Of the 10 counties and cities in the Qingjiang River Basin, Yidu County contributed the most to water pollution, with 16.33 contributions. The rest were Changyang County, Enshi City, Lichuan City, Badong County, Jianshi County, Xuanen County, Xianfeng County, Wufeng County and Hefeng County. Its contribution to water pollution is 14.68 and 13.24 and 11.692.It is 9.90 and 6.78, 5.20 percent and 4.80 percent respectively.
【作者单位】：中南民族大学资源与环境学院湖北省重金属废水处理与回用工程技术研究中心;
【基金】：湖北省自然科学基金资助项目(2015CFC888) 中央高校基本科研业务专项(CZW15075,CZW15037)
【分类号】：X713

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