不同水肥运筹对再生季稻根际土壤酶活性及微生物功能多样性的影响

发布时间：2019-04-19 18:56

【摘要】：再生季水、肥管理措施是再生稻尤其是机收中低留桩再生稻获得高产稳产的一项关键措施,明确再生季合理的水肥运筹对提高机收中低留桩再生稻低节位再生芽的萌发成穗具有重要意义。本文以杂交籼稻泸优明占为材料,通过设置再生季分蘖期3个不同水肥处理盆栽试验,即淹水灌溉不施用促苗肥(S处理)、干湿交替灌溉不施用促苗肥(G处理)和干湿交替灌溉施用促苗肥(GN处理),研究不同水肥运筹对再生季稻腋芽、产量、根际土壤酶活性及微生物功能多样性的影响。结果表明,再生季稻不同水肥处理对根际氧化还原电位和根际土壤酶有显著影响,处理后10 d,与S处理相比,G处理可以显著提高根际土壤的氧化还原电位和根际土壤多酚氧化酶、过氧化物酶、磷酸单酯酶、过氧化氢酶活性,与G处理相比,GN处理可显著提高根际土壤多酚氧化酶、过氧化物酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶、磷酸单酯酶、过氧化氢酶活性。不同水肥调控下再生季稻根际土壤微生物对碳源的利用程度和碳源代谢的多样性差异显著,处理后10 d,GN处理和G处理根际微生物对6类碳源的利用程度显著高于S处理,GN处理根际土壤微生物对氨基酸、酚酸、羧酸类碳源的利用程度显著高于G处理。GN处理和G处理的根系伤流量分别比S处理的提高27.27%和14.84%,再生季分蘖数和产量分别比S处理的提高102.50%~111.11%、42.50%~44.44%和91.41%~108.72%、37.93%~40.94%。由此可见,再生季采用干湿交替灌溉或施用促苗肥均可提高根际土壤酶活性,促进再生季稻根际土壤微生物对碳源的利用程度和代谢多样性,从而有利于根际土壤有机质的氧化和腐殖质的形成及增加根际土壤中养分的有效性,促进再生季新根的形成和腋芽的萌发。采用干湿交替灌溉耦合促苗肥对再生季稻的促控效果是最佳的。
[Abstract]:The management measures of regeneration season water and fertilizer are one of the key measures to obtain high and stable yield of regenerated rice, especially the reclaimed rice with low and low pile retention in mechanically harvested rice. It is of great significance to make clear the rational water and fertilizer operation in regeneration season for improving the sprouting and panicle formation of regenerated rice with low node position and low post in mechanical harvest. In this paper, the pot experiment of three different water fertilizer treatments at tillering stage in regeneration season of indica rice Luyou Mingzha was carried out, that is, no seedling-promoting fertilizer (S treatment) was applied in flooded irrigation, and no seedling-promoting fertilizer (S treatment) was used in this experiment. The effects of different water and fertilizer application on axillary bud, yield, soil enzyme activity and microbial functional diversity of regenerated season rice were studied under dry-wet alternative irrigation without seedling-promoting fertilizer (G) and dry-wet alternative irrigation with seedling-promoting fertilizer (GN). The results showed that the redox potential of rhizosphere and soil enzymes in rhizosphere were significantly affected by different water and fertilizer treatments in regenerated season rice. After 10 days of treatment, compared with S treatment, the redox potential in rhizosphere and soil enzymes in rhizosphere were significantly affected. G treatment could significantly increase the redox potential of rhizosphere soil and the activities of polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase, phosphomonoesterase and catalase in rhizosphere soil. Compared with G treatment, GN treatment could significantly increase the activity of polyphenol oxidase in rhizosphere soil. Peroxidase, urease, sucrase, phosphomonoesterase, catalase activity. There were significant differences in the utilization of carbon source and the diversity of carbon source metabolism in rhizosphere soil of regenerated season rice under different water and fertilizer control. At the 10th day after treatment, the utilization of 6 kinds of carbon source by rhizosphere microorganisms in GN and G treatments was significantly higher than that in S treatment. The utilization of amino acid, phenolic acid and carboxylic acid carbon source in rhizosphere soil microbe treated with GN was significantly higher than that in G treatment, and the root injury flux of GN treatment and G treatment was 27.27% and 14.84% higher than that of S treatment, respectively. The tillering number and yield in regeneration season were increased by 102.50%, 42.50%, 44.44% and 91.41%, 37.93% and 40.94%, respectively. The results showed that dry-wet alternate irrigation or seedling-promoting fertilizer could increase the enzyme activity of rhizosphere soil and promote the utilization of carbon source and metabolic diversity of soil microorganisms in rhizosphere of regenerated season rice. It is beneficial to the oxidation of organic matter and the formation of humus in rhizosphere soil, increase the availability of nutrients in rhizosphere soil, promote the formation of new roots in regeneration season and the germination of axillary buds. The effect of dry-wet alternate irrigation coupled with seedling-promoting fertilizer on rice regeneration was the best.
【作者单位】：福建农林大学生命科学学院/福建省农业生态过程与安全监控重点实验室;福建省南平市建阳区农业局;福建省农业厅种植业技术推广总站;重庆市农业科学院;
【基金】：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300508) 福建省高校青年自然基金重点项目(JZ160435) 福建农林大学科技创新专项基金项目(CXZX2016076,CXZX2016077)资助~~
【分类号】：S154;S511.21

【相似文献】