垄作覆膜对川中丘区土壤物理性状和春玉米产量的影响

发布时间：2019-04-19 19:21

【摘要】：采用大田试验,设置垄作覆膜(A1B1)、平作覆膜(A1B2)、垄作不覆膜(A2B1)、平作不覆膜(A2B2)4个处理,研究垄作与覆膜对川中丘区春玉米田土壤物理性状和产量的影响。结果表明:地膜覆盖显著提高了丘陵旱地玉米生育前期耕层土壤水分和温度;垄作栽培显著降低耕层土壤容重,增大土壤总孔隙度和毛管孔隙度;垄作与覆膜措施相结合可有效改善土壤水热状况和物理结构。从玉米穗部性状和产量看,覆膜显著提高玉米穗长、穗粗、穗粒数、百粒重,降低秃尖长,产量较不覆膜处理平均增加20.2%。垄作对玉米穗部性状和产量的影响因覆膜与否而异。覆膜下,垄作较平作显著提高了穗粒数,降低了秃尖长,产量较平作增加7.7%;不覆膜下,垄作则显著降低穗粒数、百粒重,产量较平作降低12.6%。相关分析表明玉米产量与生育前期土壤温度和土壤含水量呈显著正相关关系。垄作覆膜通过提高玉米生育前期土壤温度和含水量,改善了耕层土壤物理性状,最终提高了玉米产量。
[Abstract]:The effects of ridge planting and mulching on soil physical properties and yield of spring maize field in central Sichuan were studied by field experiment. Four treatments including ridge mulching (A1B1), flat mulching (A1B2), ridge mulching (A2B1) and flat mulching (A2B2) were used to study the effects of ridge planting and mulching on soil physical properties and yield of spring maize field in the middle of Sichuan Province. The results showed that plastic film mulching significantly increased soil moisture and temperature in the early growing stage of maize in hilly dry land, decreased soil bulk density and increased soil total porosity and capillary porosity in ridge cultivation. The combination of ridge planting and film mulching can effectively improve the water and heat condition and physical structure of soil. In terms of ear characters and yield, film mulching significantly increased ear length, ear diameter, grain number per ear, 100-kernel weight and reduced baldness tip length, and increased yield by 20.2% on average compared with non-plastic film mulching treatment. The effects of ridge planting on ear characters and yield of maize varied with or without plastic film mulching. Under plastic film mulch, ridge planting significantly increased the number of grains per ear, decreased the length of bald tip and increased the yield by 7.7% compared with that of normal cropping, while under non-mulching, ridge cropping significantly decreased the number of grains per spike and the weight of 100 seeds, and the yield decreased by 12.6% compared with that of normal cropping. Correlation analysis showed that maize yield had a significant positive correlation with soil temperature and soil water content in the early growth stage. Ridge mulching increased soil temperature and water content in the early growth stage of maize, improved soil physical properties of ploughing layer, and finally increased maize yield.
【作者单位】：四川农业大学农学院/农业部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金(31301282) 国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD04B13) 四川省科技支撑计划项目(2014NZ0040)
【分类号】：S152;S513

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