空气悬架刚度与阻尼的匹配研究

发布时间：2018-04-13 15:42

本文选题：空气悬架 + 刚度　；参考：《石家庄铁道大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着人们对乘车舒适性需求的日益提高,拥有空气悬架系统的车辆得到了越来越广泛的关注。通过对空气悬架中弹簧和减震器的合理匹配,能够使汽车得到良好的行驶平顺性及操纵稳定性。本文以某大型客车的空气悬架为研究对象,首先通过对空气弹簧特性曲线分析,得到空气弹簧弹力与相对位移的函数关系式;在MATLAB/simulink中建立了前、后轮的随机路面激励,通过对空气弹簧弹力的线性化处理,得到了线性悬架系统的动力学微分方程,在MATLAB/simulink中建立了其1/2仿真模型;将空气弹簧弹力与相对位移的函数关系代入非线性悬架系统的动力学微分方程,并在MATLAB/simulink中建立了其1/2车仿真模型,再通过两种模型的对比仿真分析,得到后者更能真实的反映汽车的振动情况。然后基于非线性空气悬架系统1/2车模型,根据阻尼比公式得到前、后减震器的阻尼范围,采取固定后减震器阻尼变化前减震器阻尼的方法,及固定前阻尼变化后减震器阻尼的方法,根据平顺性评价指标的仿真数据分析,将不同工况下所对应的前、后减震器的阻尼范围缩小,在此范围的基础上通过m函数与MATLAB/simulink的结合,得到了前、后减震器阻尼与车身垂直加速度的三维关系图,并搜索得到了车身加速度最小时对应的前、后阻尼值。最后通过开关调节减震器阻尼,将控制前后的系统振动特性进行仿真对比,分析结果验证了其控制的有效性。本文的研究表明:与线性空气悬架相比,非线性空气悬架更符合汽车的实际振动情况,变化前、后阻尼的与刚度进行匹配,得到了满载、半载和空载对应的三对较优阻尼值,并通过开关控制不同工况对应的阻尼,控制后的悬架系统性能指标优于原来的空气悬架系统。
[Abstract]:With the increasing demand for ride comfort, more and more attention has been paid to vehicles with air suspension system.Through the reasonable matching of spring and shock absorber in air suspension, good ride comfort and handling stability can be obtained.By linearizing the elastic force of the air spring, the dynamic differential equation of the linear suspension system is obtained, and its 1 / 2 simulation model is established in MATLAB/simulink.In this paper, the functional relationship between the spring elasticity and the relative displacement is put into the dynamic differential equation of the nonlinear suspension system, and a 1 / 2 vehicle simulation model is established in MATLAB/simulink, and then the two models are compared and analyzed.The latter can more truly reflect the vibration of the car.Then based on the 1 / 2 car model of nonlinear air suspension system, according to the damping ratio formula, the damping range of the front and rear shock absorbers is obtained, and the method of damping before the damper damping changes after the fixed shock absorber is adopted.According to the simulation data of the evaluation index of ride comfort, the damping range of the front and rear dampers under different working conditions is reduced.On the basis of this range, through the combination of m function and MATLAB/simulink, the three-dimensional relationship diagram between the damping of front and rear shock absorbers and the vertical acceleration of the body is obtained, and the front and back damping values corresponding to the minimum acceleration of the body are obtained.Finally, the vibration characteristics of the system before and after the control are simulated and compared by switching the damping of the damper, and the analysis results verify the effectiveness of the control.The results show that compared with the linear air suspension, the nonlinear air suspension is more in line with the actual vibration of the vehicle. Before and after the change, the damping of the nonlinear air suspension is matched with the stiffness, and three pairs of optimum damping values corresponding to the full load, half load and no load are obtained.The performance index of the controlled suspension system is better than that of the original air suspension system.
【学位授予单位】：石家庄铁道大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：U463.33

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