基于行人头部保护的风挡玻璃有限元模型及优化研究

发布时间：2018-05-21 07:18

  本文选题：行人保护 + 风挡玻璃　； 参考：《哈尔滨工业大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：在人-车事故中,行人头部与汽车风挡玻璃发生碰撞是导致行人伤亡的重要原因之一。如何提高行人头部与风挡玻璃碰撞安全性已经成为汽车被动安全研究的热点问题。本文通过数值模拟、试验研究及优化设计对行人头部与夹层风挡玻璃碰撞进行了较为全面的分析研究,期望能够为行人保护研究提供借鉴,减小人-车事故中行人头部的损伤,达到保护行人的目的。在头型冲击器冲击风挡玻璃仿真模型的研究中,分析了扩展有限元方法理论以及与传统有限元方法的区别。推导了Ⅰ型裂纹扩展能量释放率的公式。研究了扩展有限元在ABAQUS中的实现步骤,并利用简单算例验证了扩展有限元模拟裂纹扩展的有效性。通过逆向工程获得了风挡玻璃几何模型,利用HYPERMESH得到风挡玻璃网格模型,将网格模型导入ABAQUS中完成仿真模型的建立,并探讨了几种解决扩展有限元收敛问题的方法。在搭建成人头型冲击器冲击风挡玻璃试验台的研究中,根据国家标准《汽车对行人的碰撞保护》中相关规定,完成成人头型冲击器的设计。分析了PVB夹层风挡玻璃安全性、隔音性等性能。根据国家标准规定,选择试验场地并设计了试验组成结构。基于LABVIEW设计了三轴加速度数据采集模块,并对数据采集设备进行了选型。最终通过试验得到了风挡玻璃裂纹扩展图及加速度时间历程曲线,并验证了仿真模型的准确性。基于行人头部损伤指标对风挡玻璃进行了优化设计。研究了目前常用的行人头部损伤指标,选择HIC值作为优化设计目标,通过改变材料及各层厚度对风挡玻璃进行优化。采用最优拉丁超立方试验设计方法及克里格近似模型,对风挡玻璃材料参数进行优选使得HIC值降低了12.2%。在材料优选的基础上,对风挡玻璃各层厚度进行优化设计,采用试验设计方法对设计空间进行取点,对设计空间建立基于神经网络、切比雪夫正交多项式及克里格近似模型,并通过精度分析对比了近似模型。对近似模型分别采用了多岛遗传优化算法及自适应模拟退火优化算法进行优化,分析对比两种寻优效果。在不显著改变玻璃总厚度的情况下,使得HIC值降低了26.38%,改善了汽车风挡玻璃对行人头部保护性能。
[Abstract]:The collision between pedestrian head and windshield glass is one of the important causes of pedestrian casualties in man-vehicle accidents. How to improve the collision safety of pedestrian head and windshield glass has become a hot issue in vehicle passive safety research. Through numerical simulation, experimental study and optimization design, the impact of pedestrian head and sandwich windshield glass is studied comprehensively in this paper, which is expected to provide reference for pedestrian protection research and reduce pedestrian head injury in man-vehicle accidents. To protect pedestrians. In the research of the simulation model of the head impact windshield glass, the theory of extended finite element method and the difference between the extended finite element method and the traditional finite element method are analyzed. The formula of mode I crack growth energy release rate is derived. The implementation steps of the extended finite element method in ABAQUS are studied, and the effectiveness of the propagation finite element simulation for crack growth is verified by a simple example. The geometric model of windshield glass is obtained by reverse engineering, and the mesh model of windshield glass is obtained by using HYPERMESH. The mesh model is imported into ABAQUS to establish the simulation model. Several methods to solve the convergence problem of extended finite element are discussed. In the study of setting up an adult head impact windshield glass test bench, the design of adult head impact device is completed according to the relevant provisions of the national standard "vehicle impact protection for pedestrians". The safety and soundproof properties of PVB windscreen glass are analyzed. According to the national standard, the test site is selected and the test composition is designed. A three-axis acceleration data acquisition module based on LABVIEW is designed, and the data acquisition equipment is selected. Finally, the crack growth diagram and acceleration time history curve of windshield glass are obtained by experiments, and the accuracy of the simulation model is verified. Based on the index of pedestrian head injury, the windscreen glass was optimized. In this paper, the commonly used index of pedestrian head injury is studied, and the HIC value is chosen as the optimum design target. The windscreen glass is optimized by changing the material and thickness of each layer. The optimal Latin hypercube design method and Kriging approximation model are used to optimize the material parameters of windscreen glass, and the HIC value is reduced by 12.2. On the basis of material selection, the thickness of windshield glass layers is optimized. The design space is selected by experimental design method, and the design space is built based on neural network, Chebyshev orthogonal polynomial and Kriging approximation model. The approximate model is compared with the precision analysis. Multi-island genetic optimization algorithm and adaptive simulated annealing optimization algorithm are used to optimize the approximate model, and the two optimization results are analyzed and compared. Under the condition that the total thickness of glass is not changed significantly, the HIC value is reduced by 26.38 and the protection performance of automobile windscreen glass to pedestrian head is improved.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：U463.835
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本文编号：1918267