车用永磁无刷直流电机控制技术研究

发布时间：2018-05-24 12:51

本文选题：永磁无刷直流电机 + 两两导通控制　；参考：《大连理工大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：由于能源安全性和节能环保等原因,而新能源汽车具有排放低、能量来源广泛和能源利用率高等优点,我国将发展新能源汽车产业作为基本国策,要求在“十三五”期间以纯电驱动为核心,研发电动汽车动力系统技术平台和实现电动汽车产业化。电机及其控制系统作为电动汽车的关键零部件,已成为世界各地的研究热点之一。永磁无刷直流电机(Brushless DC motor——BLDCM)生产成本低、工艺简单、可靠性高、效率高和动态响应速度快,在电动汽车领域中逐渐得到了广泛的应用。本文根据电动汽车的要求和特点,设计了电动车用电机控制系统,研究了其不同的控制方法。首先,本文论述了车用电机及控制系统的研究和发展现状,对几种车用驱动电机进行了比较分析。根据BLDCM的结构和工作原理,建立了其数学模型,阐述了电机位置检测技术、两两导通控制、矢量控制、弱磁控制的基本原理,为电机控制系统硬件设计以及软件控制策略的开发提供参考依据。其次,在硬件设计方面,本文阐述了使用Cadence软件设计电机控制器的控制板硬件电路的过程。电机控制器使用32位Infineon汽车级微处理器作为主控芯片,设计了PWM输出驱动、旋变驱动、电源模块以及CAN总线通讯等电路；此外,还设计了过流、过温、过压报警处理等电路。在软件设计方面,根据AUTOSAR的软件架构特点,开发了具有保护功能的软件控制系统,采用了两两导通方法以及矢量控制等控制策略。最后,利用DV电力测功机试验平台,搭建了车用BLDCM电机控制系统试验台架,采用VB语言开发了的电机控制系统控制界面。根据台架试验结果从电流控制和恒功率条件下对不同控制方法控制电机的结果进行了对比分析。在电流控制方面,PWM_ON_PWM方式比H_PWM_L_PWM方式有更好的控制效果,而矢量控制比这两种方法更优。相同条件下,恒功率弱磁试验数据说明了电流超前角和矢量控制方法均能实现两倍弱磁,矢量控制弱磁比电流超前角方法弱磁效果更好,转矩更平稳,但是输出转矩略小。台架试验也证明了本文设计的车用电机控制系统能实现对BLDCM电机的有效控制,可靠性较高。
[Abstract]:Because of the reasons of energy security, energy saving and environmental protection, and the advantages of low emission, wide energy sources and high energy efficiency, the development of new energy automobile industry is regarded as the basic national policy in our country. During the 13th Five-Year Plan period, pure electric drive is the core to develop the technical platform of electric vehicle power system and realize the industrialization of electric vehicle. As the key parts of electric vehicle, motor and its control system have become one of the research hotspots all over the world. Permanent magnet brushless DC motor (BLDCM) is widely used in the field of electric vehicles because of its low production cost, simple process, high reliability, high efficiency and fast dynamic response. According to the requirements and characteristics of electric vehicles, a motor control system for electric vehicles is designed and its different control methods are studied in this paper. Firstly, this paper discusses the research and development of vehicle motor and control system, and compares and analyzes several kinds of vehicle drive motor. According to the structure and working principle of BLDCM, the mathematical model is established, and the basic principles of motor position detection technology, pairwise on-on control, vector control and weak magnetic control are expounded. It provides reference for the hardware design of motor control system and the development of software control strategy. Secondly, in the aspect of hardware design, this paper describes the process of designing the control board hardware circuit of motor controller with Cadence software. The motor controller uses the 32-bit Infineon automotive microprocessor as the main control chip, designs the PWM output drive, the rotary drive, the power supply module and the CAN bus communication circuit, in addition, designs the over-current, over-temperature, overvoltage alarm processing circuit and so on. In the aspect of software design, according to the characteristics of software architecture of AUTOSAR, a software control system with protective function is developed, and the control strategies such as two-on-on method and vector control are adopted. Finally, using the DV electric dynamometer test platform, the test bench of BLDCM motor control system for vehicle is built, and the control interface of the motor control system is developed by VB language. According to the results of the bench test, the results of different control methods are compared and analyzed under the condition of current control and constant power. In the aspect of current control, the PWM mode has better control effect than the H_PWM_L_PWM mode, and the vector control method is better than these two methods. Under the same condition, the constant power magnetic weakening test data show that both the current leading angle and the vector control method can realize the double weak magnetic field. Vector control is better than the current leading angle method, and the torque is more stable, but the output torque is slightly smaller. The bench test also proves that the vehicle motor control system designed in this paper can effectively control the BLDCM motor with high reliability.
【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：U469.72

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