车与车追尾碰撞的驾驶员颈部损伤研究

发布时间：2018-12-13 20:25

【摘要】：随着我国社会经济的快速发展,群众对购车的需求旺盛,汽车保有量呈快速增长趋势。机动车及驾驶人数量的迅速增长,带给人们便捷生活的同时,也带来不容忽视的安全隐患,以及能源缺乏、空气污染等一系列社会问题。在频发的各类交通事故中,汽车追尾碰撞的发生率不仅很高且致残率达到53.5%,碰撞造成的颈部挥鞭伤不仅使患者承受巨大的痛苦,也带来巨大的社会经济损失。目前国内外追尾碰撞驾驶员的颈部损伤研究主要基于滑车鞭打试验,关于车与车追尾碰撞的损伤研究较少。为探究驾驶员在实际追尾碰撞中的颈部损伤风险,本文重点对比分析了鞭打试验和车与车追尾碰撞的驾驶员损伤特点,并进行了多种工况的参数优化。本文的主要工作和研究内容如下:1、采用了SUV车型Explorer和中级车Taurus的整车碰撞有限元模型,进行了不同碰撞速度下的车与车追尾有限元仿真;建立了被碰撞车辆Taurus的驾驶员约束系统模型,结合鞭打试验,对比分析了驾驶员颈部的损伤风险。2、建立了追尾碰撞的综合损伤指标WIC并以此为优化目标,对鞭打试验工况和车与车追尾碰撞三组速度工况的驾驶员约束系统进行了多目标参数优化,有效降低驾驶员颈部损伤风险。3、基于2015版C-NCAP鞭打试验评分标准,对四种追尾碰撞工况输出的损伤结果进行评分,筛选后得到满足多种碰撞工况优化效果的参数范围。论文研究表明,实际车辆之间发生追尾碰撞时,垂直方向加速度会加剧追尾碰撞中的驾驶员颈部损伤,低速工况时影响最为显著,故在研究低速追尾碰撞驾驶员损伤时,有必要将其考虑在内;随着碰撞车辆和碰撞速度不同,垂直方向加速度对驾驶员损伤的影响程度也不同;对多种追尾工况的驾驶员约束系统进行头枕的参数优化,采用2015版C-NCAP鞭打试验评分标准对优化结果进行筛选,得出同时满足四种追尾工况优化目标的头枕参数范围,为今后主动式头枕的参数匹配设计提供了参考。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of our country's social economy, the demand of the masses for the purchase of cars is exuberant, and the quantity of automobile ownership is increasing rapidly. The rapid growth of the number of motor vehicles and drivers has brought people a convenient life, but also brought about a series of social problems, such as lack of energy, air pollution and so on. Among the frequent traffic accidents, the incidence of rear-end collision is not only very high and the disability rate is up to 53.5%. The neck whiplash injury caused by the collision not only causes great pain to the patients, but also brings huge social and economic losses. At present, the research on neck damage of rear-end collision drivers at home and abroad is mainly based on the whipping test of the pulley, but there is little research on the damage caused by the rear-end collision between the vehicle and the vehicle. In order to explore the risk of neck injury in actual rear-end collision, this paper focuses on contrasting and analyzing the characteristics of driver's injury in whipping test and rear-end collision between vehicle and vehicle, and optimizes the parameters of various working conditions. The main work and research contents of this paper are as follows: 1. The finite element model of the whole vehicle collision of SUV vehicle Explorer and intermediate vehicle Taurus is adopted, and the finite element simulation of the rear end of the vehicle with different collision speed is carried out. The driver restraint system model of the collided vehicle Taurus is established. Combined with the whipping test, the injury risk of the driver's neck is compared and analyzed. 2. The comprehensive injury index WIC of the rear-end collision is established and used as the optimization target. In order to reduce the risk of neck injury effectively, the multi-objective parameter optimization is carried out on the driver restraint system under the conditions of whipping test and three groups of speed conditions of vehicle rear-end collision. 3. Based on the 2015 C-NCAP score standard for whipping test, The damage results of four kinds of rear-end impact conditions were evaluated, and the parameters to meet the optimal impact conditions were obtained. The research shows that the vertical acceleration will aggravate the neck injury of the driver in the rear-end collision, and the most significant effect at the low speed, so when the driver is injured in the low-speed rear-end collision, the paper shows that the acceleration in the vertical direction will aggravate the neck damage of the driver in the rear-end collision. It is necessary to take them into account; The impact of vertical acceleration on driver's damage is different with the impact vehicle and collision speed. This paper optimizes the headrest parameters of the driver restraint system in various rear-end working conditions, and selects the optimized results by using the 2015 C-NCAP whip test score standard, and obtains the range of headrest parameters that meet the optimization objectives of the four rear-end working conditions at the same time. It provides a reference for the parameter matching design of active headrest in the future.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：U467.14

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