基于大数据的宏观基本图研究

发布时间：2018-03-13 15:50

本文选题：宏观基本图　切入点：Vissim仿真　出处：《北京交通大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：城市交通系统是使人类生活更加便捷的重要组成部分,也是各大城市经济建设和社会高速发展的基础。随着汽车保有量的快速增长,城市交通拥堵问题也越来越明显,在很大程度上已经严重制约了城市发展,同时也影响了居民的正常生活。因此,如何快速地发现交通拥堵现象并及时采取有效的解决措施,是当代智能交通系统(ITS)领域的一个重要研究课题。近些年来,随着各类信息采集技术的发展和广泛应用,智能交通系统进入了大数据时代。相对于传统的固定检测器技术,浮动车信息采集技术具有易于安装维护、数据准确度高、信息量大等特点,已逐渐成为城市交通状态分析的一种重要数据来源。本文以北京市浮动车数据为基础,基于Vissim仿真平台对实际路网的复现,研究了北京市望京城区路网的宏观基本图(MFD),并从宏观角度分析其宏观基本图的存在性及存在条件,进一步对路网进行了区域划分和分析。首先,本文对实际采集的浮动车数据进行预处理。然后,通过Vissim仿真平台将北京市望京城区的路网进行了复现,并根据相关计算方法得出北京市望京路网24个车辆入口的车流量。通过Vissim的仿真得出路网中各路段的平均速度、时间占有率等参数,进一步通过计算得出整个路网的平均密度、平均速度和平均流量。从而可以得出宏观基本图的三种模型图形,并进行分析和总结。其次,通过Vissim仿真得出的望京路网中各路段的平均速度、时间占有率等参数,可以计算出各个路段的平均速度、平均密度和平均流量。基于单路段和网格,根据主成份相关性分析方法从微观角度分析MFD的存在性,并逐渐增加路段数或网格数,分析需要多少相关路段或网格,使得MFD较为清晰。同时还分析了条状区域(道路)MFD的存在性问题和路网中网格的结构对最终的MFD是否有影响。最后,利用相关性分析方法所得结论,将望京路网区域划分为八个区域进行分析,然后依次合并为四个区域、三个区域和两个区域,并对分区后各个区域的MFD进行对比分析,得出北京市望京城区路网相对更优的区域划分方式。
[Abstract]:Urban traffic system is an important part of making human life more convenient, and it is also the foundation of economic construction and rapid social development in major cities. With the rapid growth of vehicle ownership, the problem of urban traffic congestion is becoming more and more obvious. To a large extent, it has seriously restricted the development of the city and also affected the normal life of the residents. Therefore, how to find traffic jams quickly and take effective measures in time, In recent years, with the development and wide application of various kinds of information collection technology, the intelligent transportation system has entered the big data era. Compared with the traditional fixed detector technology, the intelligent transportation system has entered the era of big data. Floating vehicle information collection technology is characterized by easy installation and maintenance, high accuracy of data and large amount of information, and has gradually become an important data source for urban traffic state analysis. This paper is based on floating vehicle data in Beijing. Based on the reappearance of the actual road network based on Vissim simulation platform, this paper studies the macroscopic basic map of the road network in Wangjing City, Beijing, and analyzes the existence and condition of the macroscopic basic map from the macroscopic point of view. First of all, this paper preprocesses the actual data collected by floating vehicles. Then, the road network of Wangjing City in Beijing is reappeared through Vissim simulation platform. According to the relevant calculation method, the traffic flow of 24 vehicle entrances in Wangjing Road Network in Beijing is obtained. The average speed, time occupation rate and other parameters of each section of the road network are obtained by the simulation of Vissim, and the average density of the whole road network is further obtained by calculating the average density of the whole road network. The average speed and average flow can be obtained from the three model figures of the macroscopic basic map, and analyzed and summarized. Secondly, the average speed and time occupation rate of each section of the Wangjing road network can be obtained by Vissim simulation and other parameters, such as the average speed and the time occupation rate of each section of the Wangjing road network, etc. The average speed, average density and average flow of each section can be calculated. Based on the single section and grid, the existence of MFD is analyzed from the microscopic point of view according to the principal component correlation analysis method, and the number of sections or meshes increases gradually. Analyze how many related sections or grids are needed to make the MFD more clear. At the same time, we also analyze the existence of the strip area and whether the grid structure in the road network has an impact on the final MFD. Finally, By using the correlation analysis method, the Wangjing road network area is divided into eight regions, then merged into four regions, three regions and two regions, and the MFD of each region after the partition is compared and analyzed. Get Beijing Wangjing city road network relatively better regional division.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TP311.13;U491

【参考文献】