基于三维模型分割与装箱的3D打印算法及应用研究

发布时间：2018-03-30 13:36

本文选题：3D打印　切入点：三维模型分割　出处：《西北大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：3D打印是一种新型制造技术,将引起生产方式的变革。然而,3D打印机的尺寸有限,若打印大体积模型则需要先将其分割成块,分割策略直接影响模型打印成本和精度。此外,为进一步提高打印效率,如何将若干不规则形状的模型装入打印机,显得至关重要。本文围绕3D打印中的三维模型分割与装箱问题展开研究,旨在减少打印材料耗费、缩短打印时间、提高打印精度,主要研究成果如下:1、提出一种基于聚类的三维网格模型分割算法。着眼于提高模型表面打印质量、降低支撑结构体积等优化目标,首先通过聚类自底向上地将网格逐步构建成最终面片形成对模型的面分割,然后利用支持向量机(Support Vector Machine)算法寻找各面片间的分类平面,最终完成体分割。实验结果表明:分割结果适用性强、运行时间短,不仅解决了大体积模型的打印问题,也提高了表面打印质量。2、提出一种基于改进禁忌搜索的模型装箱算法。该算法对每个装箱序列,按照其分块顺序逐一使用启发式放置方法对分块装箱,根据装箱结果的优劣确定下一步的搜索策略,最终得到最优装箱序列以及完整的装箱方案。实验结果表明:算法生成的装箱方案节省了 14%-38%的打印时间与21%-46%的支撑材料耗费,提高了打印效率。3、将装箱算法应用于不规则的兵马俑文物碎片3D打印中,有利于兵马俑碎片拼接及整俑修复。实验结果表明:算法能够将多个文物碎片模型紧凑地置于打印空间内,提高了打印空间利用率,节省了打印时间。
[Abstract]:3D printing is a new kind of manufacturing technology, which will lead to the change of production mode. However, the size of 3D printer is limited. If printing a large volume model, it needs to be partitioned into blocks first. The segmentation strategy directly affects the cost and accuracy of model printing. In order to improve printing efficiency, it is very important to load some irregular models into printers. In this paper, the problem of 3D model segmentation and packing in 3D printing is studied in order to reduce the cost of printing materials. The main research results are as follows: 1. A clustering based 3D mesh model segmentation algorithm is proposed, which aims at improving the surface printing quality of the model and reducing the volume of the supporting structure. First, the mesh is constructed into the final surface gradually by clustering from bottom to top, and then the support vector machine (SVM) support Vector Machine algorithm is used to find the classification plane between the surfaces. The experimental results show that the segmentation results are applicable and the running time is short, which not only solves the problem of printing the large volume model, but also solves the problem of mass model printing. A model packing algorithm based on improved Tabu search is proposed. The algorithm uses heuristic placement method to box each packing sequence one by one according to its block sequence. According to the advantages and disadvantages of the packing results, the next search strategy is determined, and the optimal packing sequence and the complete packing scheme are obtained. The experimental results show that the packing scheme generated by the algorithm saves 14-38% of the printing time and 21% -46% of the cost of the supporting materials. Improved printing efficiency. 3. The packing algorithm was applied to 3D printing of irregular fragments of Terracotta Warriors and horses. The experimental results show that the algorithm can be used to compact the model of several pieces of cultural relics into the printing space, and the efficiency of printing space is improved, and the printing time can be saved by the proposed algorithm, which is beneficial to the splicing of Terracotta Warriors and Terracotta Warriors.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TP391.73

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