高性能CMOS图像采集系统设计

发布时间：2018-10-26 12:46

【摘要】：传统的CMOS图像传感器受到工艺的限制,在速度、分辨率、动态范围和读出噪声等方面存在着一些不足,而新型的科学级CMOS图像传感器采用全新的集成电路制造工艺,在这些方面都具有较好的改进和提升,为高性能图像采集系统的发展提供了新的方向。目前,已成为军工、航空遥感和医疗等领域不可缺少的研究工具。本文以Fairchild公司科学级CMOS图像传感器CIS2521为核心,设计了一套高性能、小型化、低功耗的图像采集系统,本文所做的主要工作有:首先,本文对系统的总体方案进行了设计,通过对采集、控制、数据缓存和数据传输等关键模块的分析完成了各个器件的选型工作,确立了sCMOS图像传感器+FPGA控制芯片+DDR2 SDRAM高速缓存芯片+Camera Link高速传输接口的系统设计方案;然后,在对硬件电路分析的基础上确立了系统硬件设计方案并给出了具体的硬件电路原理图;基于硬件电路设计了FPGA驱动软件程序,能够完成CMOS图像传感器的上电控制、时钟管理、寄存器配置等功能,能够驱动CMOS图像传感器正常工作并输出图像数据。最后,实现了图像数据的实时在线处理,数据处理模块将Gray码转换为二进制数,实现了暗电流消除和图像传感器的非均匀校正,采用三点二阶多项式拟合算法校正图像非均匀性,相比于传统的两点校正方法具有更高的精度。本文所设计的图像采集系统最大分辨率为2560*2160,在Rolling Shutter模式下可以帧频可以达到87fps,最大传输速率能够达到630MBps,经过成像测试表明,所设计的高性能图像传感器系统能够实现图像传感器的正常工作。
[Abstract]:The traditional CMOS image sensor is limited by technology, and there are some shortcomings in speed, resolution, dynamic range and readout noise. The new science-grade CMOS image sensor adopts a new integrated circuit manufacturing technology. In these aspects, there are better improvements and improvements, which provides a new direction for the development of high performance image acquisition system. At present, it has become an indispensable research tool in the fields of military industry, aviation remote sensing and medical treatment. In this paper, a high performance, miniaturization and low power consumption image acquisition system is designed based on the scientific CMOS image sensor CIS2521 of Fairchild Company. The main work of this paper is as follows: firstly, this paper designs the overall scheme of the system. Through the analysis of the key modules, such as acquisition, control, data cache and data transmission, the selection of each device is completed, and the system design scheme of Camera Link high-speed transmission interface of DDR2 SDRAM cache chip, FPGA control chip of sCMOS image sensor, is established. Then, based on the analysis of the hardware circuit, the hardware design scheme of the system is established and the schematic diagram of the hardware circuit is given. Based on the hardware circuit, the FPGA driver software program is designed, which can complete the functions of power up control, clock management and register configuration of CMOS image sensor. It can drive CMOS image sensor to work normally and output image data. Finally, the real-time on-line processing of image data is realized. The data processing module converts the Gray code to binary number, realizes the elimination of dark current and the non-uniform correction of image sensor. The 3.2 order polynomial fitting algorithm is used to correct the non-uniformity of the image, which is more accurate than the traditional two-point correction method. The maximum resolution of the image acquisition system designed in this paper is 2560,2160. In Rolling Shutter mode, the frame rate can reach 87fpsand the maximum transmission rate can reach 630MBps. the imaging test shows that, The designed high performance image sensor system can realize the normal operation of the image sensor.
【学位授予单位】：青岛科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TP391.41;TP212

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