从库恩范式理论看现代主义建筑危机

发布时间：2018-04-22 04:22

本文选题：范式 + 现代主义建筑　；参考：《复旦大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：20世纪现代主义建筑风靡全球,一改持续几千年的古典建筑风格,以简朴、经济和实惠为特点的现代主义建筑的艺术造型符合新的审美观,表现出了工业化的精神。但到50年代时,原来二三十年代不少欧美建筑大师的作品经过长期的沿用和各地的抄袭,到后来形成了千篇一律的教条。尤其是二战后僵化了的国际式的盒子式建筑大同小异,缺乏艺术个性,出现了现代主义建筑危机。其后建筑师开始对单调的国际主义风格进行修正和改良,产生了有机主义、理性主义等晚期现代主义建筑风格。70年代便出现了“后现代主义”的方式对现代主义及国际主义风格进行大规模彻底的调整,之后出现的解构主义、新现代主义在建筑界也日益引起注意。现代建筑也登上了中国的建筑舞台,出现了百态纷呈的格局。建筑理论直接影响着建筑设计和创作,对建筑流派及理论的反思是一件必要的事情。托马斯·库恩提出用范式概念来描述科学的发展。在建筑理论家勃劳德彭特看来建筑设计风格大致相当于科学上的“范式”。古典主义建筑向现代主义建筑转变可以说是建筑发展中范式的革命。而从现代主义建筑发展至今,出现现代主义建筑危机之后,有人提出改良,有人提倡彻底改变,危机出现时人们采用了不同的处理策略。如今各种建筑流派各行其是,出现了较为混乱的局面,类似于范式理论中的前常规科学阶段。古典建筑和现代建筑发生了革命性转换,现代建筑在出现现代主义建筑危机后又发生了转变,从范式的角度分析现代建筑的产生及发展,有助于我们更好地理解建筑的发展,指导建筑的发展方向。
[Abstract]:The modernist architecture of the 20th century is popular all over the world. The artistic modeling of modernist architecture, characterized by simplicity, economy and material benefit, conforms to the new aesthetic standards and shows the spirit of industrialization. However, in the 1950s, many European and American architecture masters in the 1920s and 1930s, after a long period of use and plagiarism, later formed the same dogma. Especially after World War II, the international box architecture, which became rigid after World War II, was similar, lacking artistic individuality and resulting in a crisis of modernist architecture. Then the architect began to modify and improve the monotonous style of internationalism, resulting in organism. The late modernist architectural style, such as rationalism, appeared in the 1970s in the form of "postmodernism", which made a large-scale and thorough adjustment to the style of modernism and internationalism, followed by deconstruction. New modernism also attracts more and more attention in architecture. Modern architecture also boarded the stage of construction in China, the emergence of a variety of patterns. Architectural theory has a direct impact on architectural design and creation. It is necessary to reflect on architectural schools and theories. Thomas Kuhn proposed the concept of paradigm to describe the development of science. In the view of architectural theorist Brad Pent, architectural design style is roughly equivalent to the scientific paradigm. The transformation from classical architecture to modern architecture is a revolution of architectural paradigm. From the development of modernism architecture to now, after the crisis of modernism architecture, some people put forward improvement, some advocated radical change, and when the crisis appeared, people adopted different treatment strategies. Nowadays, different schools of architecture are in disarray, similar to the pre-conventional scientific stage in paradigm theory. There has been a revolutionary transformation between classical architecture and modern architecture, and modern architecture has changed after the crisis of modernist architecture. Analyzing the emergence and development of modern architecture from the perspective of paradigm is helpful for us to better understand the development of architecture. To guide the development of architecture.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU-80

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