公共建筑能耗特征与运行绩效研究

发布时间：2018-06-11 23:12

本文选题：公共建筑 + 电耗强度　；参考：《南京大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着城市化进程的推进,以及第三产业的大力发展,我国建筑面积和建筑能耗持续增长,发展绿色建筑成为我国近五年以及未来建筑领域节能减排的一项重要举措。然而,国内针对公共建筑能耗水平的定额研究较少,尤其是针对全国各气候区不同类型建筑的研究,这为我国建筑能耗监管带来了不便。而绿色公共建筑的实际运行能效研究更是匮乏。本论文首先解析中国三个气候区、10类建筑除集中供暖外的电耗强度(EUI)特征,探讨了我国公共建筑与美、英、日三国同类建筑的能耗水平差异。其次,采用文献调研法总结了中美绿色公共建筑的能耗水平,并以苏州工业园区(SIP)和美国加州大学圣巴巴拉校园(UCSB)为案例,分析了绿色公共建筑的实际运行能效和设计能效差异,并从用能系统、用能行为和室内环境满意度等方面,对差异产生的原因进行了半定量分析。研究结果表明：从建筑类型来看,我国公共建筑中,商场超市建筑(65-191kWh/m2)、宾馆饭店建筑(80-150 kWh/m2)、医疗卫生建筑(62-132 kWh/m2)和其他类别建筑(37-162 kWh/m2)为高能耗建筑,是建筑节能监管的重点。从区域水平来看,夏热冬冷地区的公共建筑电耗水平最高,夏热冬暖地区其次,寒冷地区电耗水平最低。此外,对于机关办公建筑,其电耗水平与建筑面积均呈现出良好的EUI-S相关关系,(超)大型城市的机关办公建筑电耗明显高于中小城市,上世纪建造的机关办公建筑电耗较本世纪建造的高。总体来看,当前我国的公共建筑能耗水平还远低于美英日发达国家,并呈现出“左偏移-双峰分布”特征。绿色公共建筑整体上较普通公共建筑节能,但个体能耗表现出较大的差异。案例分析结果显示,SIP的一个办公建筑存在50%的能效差异,而UCSB的三个教育建筑均存在程度不一(18%-94%)的能效差异。引起绿色公共建筑能效差异的因素主要为模拟工况中对该建筑使用情况的估计不足和偏差,且办公人员安排密集、办公设备密度高。绿色公共建筑的室内光环境和热环境令人满意,但通风状况的满意度较差。从室内住户行为模式来看,多数绿色公共建筑的住户偏向于节能的行为模式,但仍有用能不当的现象；此外,建筑管理人员与住户之间缺乏沟通会影响到住户的用能行为。因此,发展绿色建筑仍将是我国实现建筑可持续发展的有效途径,但是绿色公共建筑的高效运行离不开绿色住户的正确使用和管理人员的合理维护。未来我国在提高公共建筑能效方面需要严格新建建筑节能设计标准,开展既有建筑节能改造,做好机关办公建筑和大型公共建筑的能效统计监测,积极发展绿色建筑并加强管理和维护、保障其运行绩效。
[Abstract]:With the advancement of urbanization and the development of tertiary industry, the building area and building energy consumption in our country are increasing continuously. The development of green building has become an important measure of energy saving and emission reduction in the field of building in recent five years and in the future. However, there are few studies on the energy consumption level of public buildings in China, especially for different types of buildings in different climate areas of the country, which brings inconvenience to the supervision of building energy consumption in China. But the green public building's actual operation energy efficiency research is even less. In this paper, the characteristics of energy consumption of 10 types of buildings in three climatic regions of China except central heating are analyzed, and the difference of energy consumption level between China's public buildings and similar buildings in the United States, Britain and Japan is discussed. Secondly, the paper summarizes the energy consumption level of green public buildings in China and the United States by literature research, and takes Sipi (Suzhou Industrial Park) and UCSB (University of California, Santa Barbara) as examples. This paper analyzes the difference between practical operation energy efficiency and design energy efficiency of green public buildings, and makes a semi-quantitative analysis on the causes of the difference from the aspects of energy use system, energy use behavior and indoor environment satisfaction. The results show that in the public buildings of our country, 65-191kWh-m-2, 80-150kWhm-2, 62-132kWhm2and 37-162kWhm-2) and other types of buildings are high energy consumption buildings, which are the key points of building energy conservation supervision. From the regional level, the power consumption of public buildings is the highest in hot summer and cold winter area, followed by hot summer and warm winter area, and the lowest power consumption level in cold area. In addition, for office buildings, there is a good EUI-S correlation between the level of power consumption and the building area. The power consumption of office buildings in large cities is significantly higher than that in small and medium-sized cities. The power consumption of office buildings built in the last century is higher than that built in this century. In general, the level of energy consumption of public buildings in China is far lower than that in the developed countries of the United States, Britain and Japan. Green public buildings are more energy efficient than ordinary public buildings, but the individual energy consumption is different. The results of case study show that there is a 50% difference in energy efficiency in one office building of SIP, while the three educational buildings of UCSB have different degrees of energy efficiency. The main factors causing the difference in energy efficiency of green public buildings are the lack of estimation and deviation of the use of the building in the simulated working conditions, the dense arrangement of office personnel and the high density of office equipment. The indoor light environment and thermal environment of green public buildings are satisfactory, but the satisfaction of ventilation is poor. From the point of view of indoor household behavior patterns, most green public buildings households prefer energy-saving behavior patterns, but there is still improper use of energy; in addition, lack of communication between building managers and households will affect household energy use behavior. Therefore, the development of green buildings will still be an effective way to realize the sustainable development of buildings in China, but the efficient operation of green public buildings can not be separated from the correct use of green households and the reasonable maintenance of management personnel. In the future, in improving the energy efficiency of public buildings, we need to strictly establish new building energy efficiency design standards, carry out energy saving transformation of existing buildings, and do a good job in statistical monitoring of energy efficiency of office buildings and large public buildings. Actively develop green buildings and strengthen management and maintenance to ensure their operational performance.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU111.195

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